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Ainhum/genética , Constricción Patológica/genética , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/genética , Mutación Missense/genética , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/genética , Administración Tópica , Adulto , Ainhum/diagnóstico , Ainhum/patología , Biopsia , Constricción Patológica/diagnóstico , Constricción Patológica/patología , Cuba/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/diagnóstico , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/tratamiento farmacológico , Queratodermia Palmoplantar/patología , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Láctico/uso terapéutico , Linaje , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/metabolismo , Urea/administración & dosificación , Urea/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
COVID-19/fisiopatología , Familia , Urticaria/fisiopatología , Ageusia/fisiopatología , Anosmia/fisiopatología , COVID-19/patología , Escalofríos/fisiopatología , Mareo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Urticaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Urticaria/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) presents with an aggressive course and high morbidity associated with disease and treatment. JSLE patients have a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) when compared with age-matched patients with other rheumatologic disorders. We aim to summarize the impact of current pharmacological therapies on the HRQoL of JSLE patients. Search strategies were developed across seven databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing interventions to standard therapy, placebo or pre-post cohort comparisons for more than 4 weeks were included. The outcome included self-reported scales compared at baseline and a therapeutic time point. Risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. A total of 2812 articles were narrowed down to 309 for full-text screening. Four RCTs and one prospective cohort study, with a total of 634 JSLE patients, met the inclusion criteria. Four of the studies had a controlled intervention plus standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone or placebo. Multiple indices were used to evaluate HRQoL. These included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters tool, Kids Fatigue Severity Scale and Child Depression Inventory. A single study reported a significant improvement while remaining studies reported no difference or failed to report the statistical analysis. Although HRQoL is significantly impaired in JSLE, evidence regarding its improvement is limited due to the small number of eligible studies, heterogeneity in scales, and HRQoL domains. A universal HRQoL questionnaire for JSLE needs to be established and used in both the research and clinical setting. All studies should adhere to reporting guidelines.
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Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Edad de Inicio , Humanos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB; OMIM #226600) is one of the most devastating subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa, a group of skin and mucous membrane blistering disorders often associated with extracutaneous manifestations. RDEB is caused by mutations in COL7A1, the gene encoding type VII collagen (C7), and to date over 700 different mutations in the 8835 nucleotides constituting the open reading frame or adjacent exon-intron boundaries of COL7A1 have been described. We used targeted next-generation sequencing to identify seven previously unreported mutations in a cohort of 17 Mexican patients who were diagnosed with RDEB based on clinical presentation and immunoepitope mapping. Our study expands the spectrum of mutations identified in this cohort, including those suitable for emerging therapies reliant on precise genotyping.
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Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , México , MutaciónAsunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/genética , Adulto , Vesícula/patología , Niño , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/sangre , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/patología , Femenino , Genes Recesivos , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Perú/epidemiología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gingival lesions in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) are a common manifestation. However, their clinical features, frequency and severity are currently unknown. METHODS: Forty-five DEB patients were assessed by an oral medicine specialist, who analysed the presence/absence of four clinical signs (erythema, erosion/ulcer, atrophy, blister) on free and attached gingiva, using the Epidermolysis Bullosa Oropharyngeal Severity score. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (62.2%) out of 45 DEB patients showed different types of gingival lesions, whose presence/absence and total frequency/distribution were not significantly different between males and females (p=0.087 and p=0.091, respectively). Erythema was the most prevalent lesion (66.2%) and the recessive DEB severe generalized (RDEB-sev gen) reached the highest median disease activity score. A significant correlation was observed between the DEB subtypes and the disease activity median score (p<0.001), but not between age and total disease activity score in each group of DEB (p>0.05). Lastly, logistic regression showed that only gender (p=0.031) and RDEB-sev gen (p=0.001) were risks factors for the presence of gingival lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival lesions in DEB patients are a relatively common entity and may have multiple clinical aspects, emphasizing the need for thorough attention and awareness among dentists.
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Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/patología , Enfermedades de las Encías/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Vesícula/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/clasificación , Eritema/patología , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Encías/clasificación , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlceras Bucales/patología , Atrofia Periodontal/patología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Previous investigations have attempted to correlate the genotype with the cutaneous phenotype in patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), but never with the oropharyngeal phenotype. Seventeen dystrophic EB (DEB) patients were genotyped for COL7A1 gene mutations and divided into five distinct groups. Oropharyngeal disease severity was assessed with the Epidermolysis Bullosa Oropharyngeal Severity (EBOS) score by an oral medicine specialist. The genotype-phenotype correlation was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance using the Mann-Whitney test, applying the Bonferroni correction. The most severe oropharyngeal phenotype was found in the group with the 2470insG/3948insT mutation, with a mean disease severity score of 18.50 ± 2.12; the mildest was found in the 6862del16 mutation group, with a mean disease severity score of 0.57 ± 1.13. The most significant difference in median score was found in the total score (P = 0.009), followed by tongue (P = 0.02) and upper lip (P = 0.021), but no correlation was found between disease severity and the groups (P>0.005, after Bonferroni correction). Multiple comparisons among the five different genotypic groups revealed no statistically significant genotype-oropharyngeal phenotype correlation; it was not possible to establish which group was more severe, or to associate a specific mutation to a specific oropharyngeal phenotype.
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Colágeno Tipo VII/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Enfermedades de la Boca/genética , Adulto , Preescolar , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Fenotipo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and peripheral nerves and is still endemic in various regions of the world. Clinical presentation depends on the patient's immune status at the time of infection and during the course of the disease. Leprosy is associated with disability and marginalization. Diagnosis is clinical and is made when the patient has at least 1 of the following cardinal signs specified by the World Health Organization: hypopigmented or erythematous macules with sensory loss; thickened peripheral nerves; or positive acid-fast skin smear or skin biopsy with loss of adnexa at affected sites. Leprosy is treated with a multidrug combination of rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone. Two main regimens are used depending on whether the patient has paucibacillary or multibacillary disease.
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Lepra , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Vacuna BCG , Vacunas Bacterianas , Quimioterapia Combinada , Salud Global , Glucolípidos/inmunología , Humanos , Pruebas Intradérmicas , Lepromina , Leprostáticos/administración & dosificación , Leprostáticos/efectos adversos , Leprostáticos/uso terapéutico , Lepra/clasificación , Lepra/diagnóstico , Lepra/tratamiento farmacológico , Lepra/epidemiología , Lepra/microbiología , Mycobacterium leprae/inmunología , Mycobacterium leprae/aislamiento & purificación , Mycobacterium leprae/fisiología , Pruebas Serológicas/métodos , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A pair of 2-year-old female monozygotic twins presented with short and brittle hair. There was marked reduction in hair density, and excessive curving of the eyelashes. Onychodystrophy was also evident. They also had developmental delay in verbal and motor skills. Neither their parents nor other relatives were known to be affected, and there was no history of consanguinity. Examination of the hair shaft under light microscopy showed trichoschisis, which was more evident under electron microscopy. Under polarized light, the hair shafts showed the pathognomonic 'tiger-tail' pattern. The level of sulphur in the hair was low. Both patients were negative for TTDN1 mutation. Clinical correlation was performed and the diagnosis of Sabinas syndrome was made. Sabinas syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder first described in a group of patients from a small community in north-eastern Mexico. It is diagnosable at birth, and its major symptoms include brittle hair, mental retardation and nail dysplasia. Structural hair abnormalities are seen by both light and electron microscopy.
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Enfermedades en Gemelos/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Tricotiodistrofia/diagnóstico , Preescolar , Enfermedades en Gemelos/patología , Femenino , Cabello/ultraestructura , Humanos , Síndromes de Tricotiodistrofia/clasificación , Síndromes de Tricotiodistrofia/patología , Gemelos MonocigóticosRESUMEN
We report a large Mexican kindred with a variant form of congenital universal hypertrichosis that is inherited in an apparent X-linked recessive manner. In addition to the generalized hypertrichosis, the affected individuals have dental malformations and deafness. Males are more severely affected than females who exhibit only mild hypertrichosis, but not deafness or dental anomalies. Haplotype analysis in this pedigree revealed linkage to a 13-cM region on chromosome Xq24-q27.1 between markers GATA198A10 and DXS8106. Localization of the gene underlying this form of hypertrichosis is the initial step in identifying genes on the X chromosome that are involved in the control of hair growth and development.
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Cromosomas Humanos X , Sordera/genética , Ligamiento Genético , Hipertricosis/congénito , Hipertricosis/genética , Anomalías Dentarias/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Femenino , Genes Recesivos , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Linaje , FenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) mutations are the cause of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), but most mutations are specific to individual families, and there are limited data on the nature of COL7A1 mutations in certain ethnic populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the molecular basis of DEB in Hispanic Mexican patients. METHODS: Patients were recruited through a newly established support group, Fundacion DEBRA Mexico. Molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA using COL7A1-specific primers, heteroduplex analysis, and direct nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS: Fifty-nine of a possible 67 COL7A1 mutations (88%) were identified in 36 affected individuals (31 recessive, five dominant) in 21 families. Recessive mutations included six frameshift mutations, four silent glycine substitutions, and two splice-site mutations. Dominant mutations comprised a de novo glycine substitution and an internal deletion. Conclusions This study establishes the molecular basis of DEB in a group of Mexican patients. Only two of the mutations have been identified previously in other ethnic groups; the remainder are specific to this population. These new data are helpful in facilitating the accurate diagnosis of DEB subtype, in improving genetic counseling, and in providing further insight into the pathophysiology of this mechanobullous disease.
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Colágeno/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Dermatosis del Pie/genética , Dermatosis de la Mano/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Preescolar , Cartilla de ADN , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/patología , Femenino , Dermatosis del Pie/patología , Dermatosis de la Mano/patología , Humanos , Rodilla/patología , Masculino , México , Mutación , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
A 32-basepair deletion polymorphism in the CCR5 chemokine receptor gene (DeltaCCR5) has recently been identified and shown to have functional significance in determining susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and a possible influence on disease progression in HIV-1-positive individuals. Interest has also focused on the geographical distribution of the DeltaCCR5 allele, particularly in considering epidemiological aspects of HIV disease and its impact on health economics. In this report we have assessed the frequency of the DeltaCCR5 allele in a Hispanic Mexican population and found a gene frequency of 4.4% in 103 individuals. The DeltaCCR5 allele is not present in indigenous Mexican populations but is present in about 8% of the population in Spain. Gene flow from the European gene pool consistent with Mexico's colonial past would account for the findings in this study.
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Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Receptores CCR5/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Infecciones por VIH/genética , VIH-1 , HumanosRESUMEN
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited blistering skin disorder caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). In this study, we determined the molecular basis of autosomal recessive DEB in a 19-year-old Hispanic Mexican woman by PCR amplification of genomic DNA, heteroduplex analysis, and automated sequencing of heteroduplex bandshifts. This approach revealed a homozygous frameshift mutation, 2470insG, in exon 19 of COL7A1 and resulted in attenuated basement membrane zone expression of type VII collagen, a reduced number of anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction, and a sub-lamina densa level of blister formation. Clinically, the patient had widespread trauma-induced skin fragility and complete loss of the nails, but had less pseudosyndactyly of the fingers and toes and milder mucosal involvement compared to most patients with the generalized form of this genodermatosis. We also screened 7 other Hispanic-Mexican patients with recessive DEB, none of whom were known to be related to this individual, for the mutation 2470insG using heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing and detected this mutation on 7/14 alleles. Haplotype analysis using intragenic COL7A1 and flanking polymorphisms and microsatellite markers revealed that all the mutant alleles had arisen on similar allelic backgrounds, consistent with propagation of a common Hispanic Mexican ancestral haplotype. In view of the high allelic frequency of the mutation 2470insG in the patients studied, we recommend initial screening for this mutation when attempting to identify the molecular pathology of recessive DEB in Hispanic Mexican patients.
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Colágeno/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Exones/genética , Adulto , Colágeno/análisis , ADN/análisis , ADN/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/metabolismo , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura , Genes Recesivos , Análisis Heterodúplex , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , México , Linaje , Piel/química , Piel/patología , Piel/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). In this study, we assessed the molecular basis of recessive DEB in five affected individuals from two Mexican families. Both fathers of the affected children were first cousins. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and assessed for COL7A1 mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, heteroduplex analysis and direct automated sequencing of PCR products displaying heteroduplex bandshifts. In one family, we identified a homozygous 1 bp insertion of a G nucleotide in exon 19 of COL7A1, designated 2470insG, in three affected sisters. This mutation causes a frameshift and a premature termination codon on both alleles 178 bp downstream from the insertion; both parents were shown to be heterozygous carriers of this mutation. In the second family, the father of the other two affected children was also found to be a heterozygous carrier of this frameshift mutation. In addition, his unrelated partner was shown to be a heterozygous carrier of a different COL7A1 frameshift mutation, an insertion of a T nucleotide in exon 32, designated 3948insT. This mutation also results in a premature termination codon, 126 bp downstream from the insertion. Both affected children were compound heterozygotes for the 2470insG/3948insT mutations in COL7A1. Overall, these molecular findings offer a genetic explanation for the skin fragility in these related Mexican patients with recessive DEB. Immediate benefits from elucidation of the mutations include assessment of carrier status in other members of the family and the feasibility of DNA-based prenatal testing in subsequent pregnancies.
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Colágeno/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/patología , Femenino , Genes Recesivos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Ácidos Nucleicos Heterodúplex/genética , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1). Nearly all cases of dominant DEB are caused by glycine substitution mutations occurring within the triple helical region of type VII collagen, and most of the mutations are unique to individual families. In this study, we identified a patient of Hispanic-Mexican origin with a mild form of DEB, which resulted from a de novo dominant glycine substitution, G2043R, in exon 73 of COL7A1. We also investigated a Scottish family with a three-generation pedigree of dominant DEB, in whom the same glycine to arginine substitution mutation was demonstrated. This particular mutation has also been detected previously in three other families with dominant DEB: one Italian, one Hungarian and one Norwegian. Given the widespread geographical distribution of this mutation and the demonstration of its occurrence as a de novo event, G2043R therefore represents the first example of a mutational hotspot in dominant DEB. Interestingly, although both the Mexican and Scottish families we studied had some clinical features in keeping with the Pasini form of the disorder, there was considerable interfamilial variability as well as intrafamilial diversity in the affected individuals.
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Colágeno/genética , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/genética , Glicina/genética , Mutación Puntual/genética , Adulto , Preescolar , Epidermólisis Ampollosa Distrófica/patología , Femenino , Análisis Heterodúplex/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Linaje , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Recurrencia , Mapeo Restrictivo/métodos , EscociaRESUMEN
Las histiocitosis constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades de causa desconocida y caracterizada por la presencia de histiocitos reactivos neoplásicos en varios tejidos y órganos. En su clasificación existe un grupo poco frecuente y conocido como histiocitocitosis de células de Langerhans cutánea pura autoinvolutiva. Se han descrito casos en todo el mundo y esta enfermedad se caracteriza por la proliferación de células de Langerhans con afección cutánea exclusiva y su tendencia a la curación espontánea. Presentamos dos casos clínicos
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Lactante , Niño , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/clasificación , Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The activity of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was determined in 80 female members of 23 families with affected members of Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD) and compared with the values of a control group of 100 unaffected women. The control group values exhibited a normal distribution of frequency with a mean of 21 U/L and standard deviation from the mean of 7.9 U/L. Sixty nine percent (11/16) of obligatory carriers showed CPK values higher than the mean of the control group plus two standard deviations of the mean. Thirty one percent (5/16) had false negative values. These percentages are similar to those reported in other studies. Elevated CPK activity was found in 45% (18/40) of type A possible carriers (relatives of obligatory carriers) and the group of possible carriers type B (mothers and relatives of isolated cases) 42% (10/24) exhibited high CPK values. Bayesian analysis was also used in all possible-carriers (A and B). We also report an estimation of the fertility of the DMD gene carriers and of their attitude towards family planning. It is concluded that the determination of serum CPK activity, despite its shortcomings, associated with Bayesian analysis when necessary, could be the method of choice for quick and inexpensive evaluation of the carrier status, mainly in families with members affected by DMD.