RESUMEN
Digital social responsibility (DSR) has emerged as a wise strategic decision for all higher education institutions during the new crown pandemic. This study explores whether the DSR dimensions (social, economic, legal, and environmental) enhance digital education (DE) in universities. Specifically, this paper intends to investigate the impact of digital culture (DC) on these relationships as a mediator variable. By adopting a cross-sectional approach, data are gathered through an online survey among a sample of 181 students from different nationalities in higher education institutions in Chang'an-China. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling has been used to perform the statistical analyses. Results revealed that all DSR dimensions directly and indirectly affect DE. DC also significantly influences students' DE during the new crown pandemic. Furthermore, our findings show that DC mediates the link between the social, economic, and environmental DSR aspects and students' DE. The study suggests Chinese universities review their DSR policies and student DC perspectives, and design social digital responsibility education programs. These measures can predict the success of student DE and provide a competitive edge as social media technology advances.
RESUMEN
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are highly vulnerable to climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather, and other environmental and social issues. GCC countries showed remarkable economic growth and development. However, this growth and development put severe pressure on the environment, leading to the degradation of the Environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate essential factors of environmental degradation, such as technological innovation and financial development. However, per capita income and energy consumption are also crucial factors of environmental degradation. Henceforth, the study carried out panel data from 2001 to 2019 to examine the influence of technological innovation, financial development, energy consumption, and per capita income on environmental degradation in GCC. After conducting necessary preliminary tests, the study employed a symmetric and asymmetric ARDL approach to quantify the numerical estimates. Both symmetric and asymmetric models show that technological innovation reduces environmental degradation, while energy consumption, per capita, and financial development expedite the ecological deterioration in GCC. The Wald tests demonstrate the asymmetric relationship between technological innovation, energy consumption, financial development, and environmental degradation. However, the study fails to find a significant asymmetric relationship between per capita and ecological degradation. The recommendations are added in the recommendation part of the paper.