Primary cell cultures from cerebral cortex, striatum and ventral mesencephalon obtained from rat fetal (embryonic day 17, E17) or postnatal (day 2, PN2) donors were grown either in media conditioned by subcultured astroglia from the same regions, an artificial trophic medium, normal human amniotic fluid, or in normal human cerebrospinal fluid. To estimate the presence of neuronal-like and non-neuronal cells, cell morphology and immunocytochemistry against microtubule-associated proteins and beta-tubulin were taken into consideration. The percentage of emitting neural cells and length of cell processes were determined after 24 hr in culture. Growth of cell processes in neuronal and non-neuronal cells from prenatal striatum was minimal compared with that in cerebral cortex and ventral mesencephalon, regardless of the culture condition. Nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor did not significantly modify cell growth in E17 cultures, except for epidermal growth factor, which reduced the number of emitting cells in striatal cultures and increased it in cerebral cortex ones. Cultures derived from postnatal striatum showed a significant increase in neurite length when grown in an astroglial conditioned medium as compared to cultures derived from prenatal (E17) striatum. Results suggest significant regional differences in the brain regarding growth of cell processes at age E17, and reversal of striatal ability to grow cell processes by postnatal day 2. Reduced growth of cell processes showed by E17 striatum cultures was rather independent of the culture media. This fact could suggest that such early regional differences would depend on characteristics of sublineages present at this developmental stage, which would modulate the organization of regional neuropils. The restricted growth of cell processes in cultures from E17 striatum, no longer present in postnatal striatum, suggests that inputs to the striatum may modify expression of cell lineages at later stages of development.