A double-blind clinical trial comparing World Health Organization oral rehydration solution with a reduced osmolarity solution containing equal amounts of sodium and glucose.
J Pediatr
; 128(1): 45-51, 1996 Jan.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-8551420
ABSTRACT
PIP: Between July 1993 and March 1994, clinical researchers in Egypt enrolled 190 male children aged 1-24 months with acute diarrhea at the Abu El Reeche Hospital in Cairo in a randomized double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the relative efficacy of a reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 75 mmol/l of both sodium and glucose (total osmolarity, 245 vs. 311 mmol/l for the standard ORS recommended by the World Health Organization and UNICEF) for treating acute noncholera diarrhea. They measured intake and output every three hours. Over the entire course of the study, the mean stool output was significantly lower in the reduced osmolarity ORS group than the standard ORS group (4.3 vs. 5 g/kg/hour; p 0.05). During the rehydration phase, the mean stool output was 36% lower in the reduced osmolarity ORS group than in the standard ORS group (p 0.05). The proportion of children vomiting during rehydration was much lower in the reduced osmolarity ORS group than the standard ORS group (17% vs. 33%; relative risk [RR] = 2.4; p 0.01). During the maintenance phase, the two groups shared similar stool output, mean intake of food and ORS, duration of diarrhea, and weight gain. Treatment failure was significantly more common in the standard ORS group than the reduced osmolarity ORS group (8% vs. 1%; RR = 7.9; p 0.01). The mean serum sodium level at 24 hours were much lower in the reduced osmolarity ORS group (134 vs. 138 mEq/l; p 0.001) but remained within the normal range in both groups. Children in both groups developed hyponatremia or their hyponatremia worsened at the same rate. Urine output was about the same in both groups. These findings suggest that the reduced osmolarity ORS has advantages over the standard ORS as a treatment for acute noncholera diarrhea. This safe and effective rehydration treatment reduces stool output and vomiting during rehydration as well as reduces the need for supplemental intravenous therapy.
Palavras-chave
Africa; Age Factors; Arab Countries; Child; Child, Male; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Demographic Factors; Developing Countries; Diarrhea--prevention and control; Diseases; Double-blind Studies; Egypt; Ingredients And Chemicals; Inorganic Chemicals; Mediterranean Countries; Metals; Northern Africa; Oral Rehydration; Population; Population Characteristics; Research Methodology; Research Report; Sodium; Studies; Treatment; Youth
Buscar no Google
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Sódio
/
Soluções para Reidratação
/
Diarreia Infantil
/
Hidratação
/
Glucose
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
/
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Pediatr
Ano de publicação:
1996
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos
País de publicação:
Estados Unidos