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Asthma as a risk factor and allergic rhinitis as a protective factor for COVID-19 severity: a case-control study.
Lira Tenório, Martha Débora; Dos Santos Menezes Siqueira, Gabriel Valentim; Costa Caldas, Gustavo; Pacheco de Almeida, Roque; Ribeiro de Jesus, Amélia; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo.
Afiliação
  • Lira Tenório MD; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
  • Dos Santos Menezes Siqueira GV; Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
  • Costa Caldas G; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
  • Pacheco de Almeida R; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
  • Ribeiro de Jesus A; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
  • Martins-Filho PR; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol ; 2024 Aug 24.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39180537
ABSTRACT

PURPOSE:

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality. The disease presents a broad clinical spectrum, significantly influenced by underlying comorbidities. While certain conditions are known to exacerbate COVID-19 outcomes, the role of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and rhinitis in influencing disease severity remains controversial. This study investigates the association between asthma and allergic rhinitis and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in a specific geographical region prior to widespread vaccine deployment.

METHODS:

We conducted a case-control study with unvaccinated adult patients who had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cases were defined as severe or critical COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and controls were non-severe patients without signs of viral pneumonia or hypoxia. We utilized the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire to assess the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The association between these chronic inflammatory airway diseases and the severity of COVID-19 was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 122 patients were analyzed, with 61 in each group. The presence of asthma (9 patients) was associated with an increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 (OR = 13.0; 95% CI 1.27-133.74), while rhinitis (39 patients) was associated with a protective effect against severe outcomes (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.13-0.99). No significant association was found between the frequency of asthmatic episodes or the severity of rhinitis and the severity of COVID-19 outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

This study underscores the divergent effects of chronic inflammatory airway diseases on COVID-19 severity, with asthma associated with a higher likelihood of severe outcomes and rhinitis potentially offering protective effects. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex interactions between respiratory allergies and COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of targeted clinical management and public health strategies.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Assunto da revista: OTORRINOLARINGOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Alemanha
Texto completo
Adicionar na Minha BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Assunto da revista: OTORRINOLARINGOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Alemanha