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Increased Amazon carbon emissions mainly from decline in law enforcement.
Gatti, Luciana V; Cunha, Camilla L; Marani, Luciano; Cassol, Henrique L G; Messias, Cassiano Gustavo; Arai, Egidio; Denning, A Scott; Soler, Luciana S; Almeida, Claudio; Setzer, Alberto; Domingues, Lucas Gatti; Basso, Luana S; Miller, John B; Gloor, Manuel; Correia, Caio S C; Tejada, Graciela; Neves, Raiane A L; Rajao, Raoni; Nunes, Felipe; Filho, Britaldo S S; Schmitt, Jair; Nobre, Carlos; Corrêa, Sergio M; Sanches, Alber H; Aragão, Luiz E O C; Anderson, Liana; Von Randow, Celso; Crispim, Stephane P; Silva, Francine M; Machado, Guilherme B M.
Afiliação
  • Gatti LV; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil. luciana.gatti@inpe.br.
  • Cunha CL; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil. luciana.gatti@inpe.br.
  • Marani L; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Cassol HLG; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Messias CG; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Arai E; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Denning AS; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Soler LS; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  • Almeida C; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Setzer A; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Domingues LG; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Basso LS; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Miller JB; National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
  • Gloor M; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Correia CSC; Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA.
  • Tejada G; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
  • Neves RAL; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Rajao R; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Nunes F; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Filho BSS; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Schmitt J; Remote Sensing Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • Nobre C; Remote Sensing Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • Corrêa SM; Remote Sensing Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • Sanches AH; Remote Sensing Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  • Aragão LEOC; Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEA), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Anderson L; Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Von Randow C; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Crispim SP; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Silva FM; Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
  • Machado GBM; General Coordination of Earth Science (CGCT), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Nature ; 621(7978): 318-323, 2023 Sep.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37612502
The Amazon forest carbon sink is declining, mainly as a result of land-use and climate change1-4. Here we investigate how changes in law enforcement of environmental protection policies may have affected the Amazonian carbon balance between 2010 and 2018 compared with 2019 and 2020, based on atmospheric CO2 vertical profiles5,6, deforestation7 and fire data8, as well as infraction notices related to illegal deforestation9. We estimate that Amazonia carbon emissions increased from a mean of 0.24 ± 0.08 PgC year-1 in 2010-2018 to 0.44 ± 0.10 PgC year-1 in 2019 and 0.52 ± 0.10 PgC year-1 in 2020 (± uncertainty). The observed increases in deforestation were 82% and 77% (94% accuracy) and burned area were 14% and 42% in 2019 and 2020 compared with the 2010-2018 mean, respectively. We find that the numbers of notifications of infractions against flora decreased by 30% and 54% and fines paid by 74% and 89% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Carbon losses during 2019-2020 were comparable with those of the record warm El Niño (2015-2016) without an extreme drought event. Statistical tests show that the observed differences between the 2010-2018 mean and 2019-2020 are unlikely to have arisen by chance. The changes in the carbon budget of Amazonia during 2019-2020 were mainly because of western Amazonia becoming a carbon source. Our results indicate that a decline in law enforcement led to increases in deforestation, biomass burning and forest degradation, which increased carbon emissions and enhanced drying and warming of the Amazon forests.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Dióxido de Carbono / Conservação dos Recursos Naturais / Aplicação da Lei / Sequestro de Carbono / Política Ambiental / Floresta Úmida País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Brasil Idioma: En Revista: Nature Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Adicionar na Minha BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Dióxido de Carbono / Conservação dos Recursos Naturais / Aplicação da Lei / Sequestro de Carbono / Política Ambiental / Floresta Úmida País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Brasil Idioma: En Revista: Nature Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Reino Unido