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Virtual endocasts of Clevosaurus brasiliensis and the tuatara: Rhynchocephalian neuroanatomy and the oldest endocranial record for Lepidosauria.
Roese-Miron, Lívia; Jones, Marc Emyr Huw; Ferreira, José Darival; Hsiou, Annie Schmaltz.
Afiliação
  • Roese-Miron L; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
  • Jones MEH; Science Group: Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians and Birds Section, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
  • Ferreira JD; Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
  • Hsiou AS; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) ; 307(4): 1366-1389, 2024 Apr.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36951279
Understanding the origins of the vertebrate brain is fundamental for uncovering evolutionary patterns in neuroanatomy. Regarding extinct species, the anatomy of the brain and other soft tissues housed in endocranial spaces can be approximated by casts of these cavities (endocasts). The neuroanatomical knowledge of Rhynchocephalia, a reptilian clade exceptionally diverse in the early Mesozoic, is restricted to the brain of its only living relative, Sphenodon punctatus, and unknown for fossil species. Here, we describe the endocast and the reptilian encephalization quotient (REQ) of the Triassic rhynchocephalian Clevosaurus brasiliensis and compare it with an ontogenetic series of S. punctatus. To better understand the informative potential of endocasts in Rhynchocephalia, we also examine the brain-endocast relationship in S. punctatus. We found that the brain occupies 30% of its cavity, but the latter recovers the general shape and length of the brain. The REQ of C. brasiliensis (0.27) is much lower than S. punctatus (0.84-1.16), with the tuatara being close to the mean for non-avian reptiles. The endocast of S. punctatus is dorsoventrally flexed and becomes more elongated throughout ontogeny. The endocast of C. brasiliensis is mostly unflexed and tubular, possibly representing a more plesiomorphic anatomy in relation to S. punctatus. Given the small size of C. brasiliensis, the main differences may result from allometric and heterochronic phenomena, consistent with suggestions that S. punctatus shows peramorphic anatomy compared to Mesozoic rhynchocephalians. Our results highlight a previously undocumented anatomical diversity among rhynchocephalians and provide a framework for future neuroanatomical comparisons among lepidosaurs.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Répteis / Neuroanatomia Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Brasil Idioma: En Revista: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Assunto da revista: ANATOMIA Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Adicionar na Minha BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Répteis / Neuroanatomia Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Brasil Idioma: En Revista: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Assunto da revista: ANATOMIA Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Estados Unidos