Geopolitical risks, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in BRICS: an asymmetric analysis.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
; 28(29): 39668-39679, 2021 Aug.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33759102
Environmental pollution is a geopolitical problem, and researchers have not considered it seriously yet. This study examines the asymmetric influence of geopolitical risk on energy consumption and CO2 emissions in BRICS economies using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL) testing method over the period of 1985-2019. Therefore, we observed that in the long run, a positive and negative change in geopolitical risk has negative effect on energy consumption in India, Brazil, and China. The outcomes confirmed that an increase in geopolitical risk has negative effect on CO2 emissions in Russia and South Africa. Although a decrease in geopolitical risk has negative effects on CO2 emissions in India, China, South Africa, it has positive coefficient in Russia in the long run. Based on empirical findings, we also revealed that asymmetries mostly exist in terms of magnitude rather than direction. Our empirical results are country and group specific. The findings call for important changes in energy and environment policies to accommodate geopolitical risks.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dióxido de Carbono
/
Desenvolvimento Econômico
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
/
America do sul
/
Asia
/
Brasil
/
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Assunto da revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
TOXICOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
China
País de publicação:
Alemanha