The study of myocardial contractility, based on the new anatomical concepts that govern cardiac mechanics, represents a promising strategy of analysis of myocardial adaptations related to physical training in the context of post-infarction. We investigated the influence of aerobic training on physical capacity and on the evaluation parameters of left ventricular contraction mechanics in patients with myocardial infarction. Thirty-one patients (55.1 ± 8.9 years) who had myocardial infarction in the anterior wall were prospectively investigated in three groups: interval training group (ITG) (n = 10), moderate training group (MTG) n = 10) and control group (CG) (n = 10). Before and after 12 weeks of clinical follow-up, patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The trained groups performed supervised aerobic training on treadmill, in two different intensities. A statistically significant increase in peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was observed in the ITG (19.2 ± 5.1 at 21.9 ± 5.6 ml/kg/min, p < 0.01) and in the MTG 18.8 ± 3.7 to 21.6 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min, p < 0.01). The GC did not present a statistically significant change in peak VO2. A statistically significant increase in radial strain (STRAD) was observed in the CG: basal STRAD (57.4 ± 16.6 to 84.1 ± 30.9%, p < 0.05), medial STRAD (57.8 ± 27, 9 to 74.3 ± 36.1%, p < 0.05) and apical STRAD (38.2 ± 26.0 to 52.4 ± 29.8%, p < 0.01). The trained groups did not present a statistically significant change of the radial strain. The present study points to a potential clinical application of the parameters of ventricular contraction mechanics analysis, especially radial strain, to discriminate post-infarction myocardial adaptations between patients submitted or not to aerobic training programs.