Trepanation Procedures/Outcomes: Comparison of Prehistoric Peru with Other Ancient, Medieval, and American Civil War Cranial Surgery.

Kushner, David S; Verano, John W; Titelbaum, Anne R

Kushner, David S; Verano, John W; Titelbaum, Anne R.

Afiliação

Kushner DS; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. Electronic address: dkushner@med.miami.edu.
Verano JW; Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Titelbaum AR; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

World Neurosurg ; 114: 245-251, 2018 Jun.

Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29604358

RESUMO

More prehistoric trepanned crania have been found in Peru than any other location worldwide. We examine trepanation practices and outcomes in Peru over nearly 2000 years from 400 BC to provide a perspective on the procedure with comparison with procedures/outcomes of other ancient, medieval, and American Civil War cranial surgery. Data on trepanation demographics, techniques, and survival rates were collected through the scientific analysis of more than 800 trepanned crania discovered in Peru, through field studies and the courtesy of museums and private collections in the United States and Peru, over nearly 3 decades. Data on procedures and outcomes of cranial surgery ancient, medieval, and during 19th-century through the American Civil war were obtained via a literature review. Successful trepanations from prehistoric times through the American Civil War likely involved shallow surgeries that did not pierce the dura mater. Although there are regional and temporal variations in ancient Peru, overall long-term survival rates for the study series were about 40% in the earliest period (400-200 BC), with improvement to a high of 91% in samples from AD 1000-1400, to an average of 75%-83% during the Inca Period (AD 1400s-1500). In comparison, the average cranial surgery mortality rate during the American Civil war was 46%-56%, and short- and long-term survival rates are unknown. The contrast in outcomes highlights the astonishing success of ancient cranial surgery in Peru in the treatment of living patients.

Assuntos

Guerra Civil Norte-Americana; Trepanação/história; História do Século XIX; História Antiga; História Medieval; Humanos; Peru; Resultado do Tratamento; Trepanação/métodos; Estados Unidos

Palavras-chave

History of medicine; Neurosurgery; Peru; Trepanation

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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Trepanação / Guerra Civil Norte-Americana Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: America do norte / America do sul / Peru Idioma: En Revista: World Neurosurg Assunto da revista: NEUROCIRURGIA Ano de publicação: 2018 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Estados Unidos

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