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Psychoactive drugs: occurrence in aquatic environment, analytical methods, and ecotoxicity-a review.
Cunha, Deivisson Lopes; de Araujo, Frederico Goytacazes; Marques, Marcia.
Afiliação
  • Cunha DL; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil.
  • de Araujo FG; Post-Graduation Program in Environment (PPGMA), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Marques M; Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 24(31): 24076-24091, 2017 Nov.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28942593
This review focused on seven psychoactive drugs being six benzodiazepines (alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam) and one antidepressant (citalopram) widely consumed by modern society and detected in different aqueous matrices (drinking water, surface water, groundwater, seawater, estuary water, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants). The review included 219 selected scientific papers from which 1642 data/entries were obtained, each entry corresponding to one target compound in one aqueous matrix. Concentrations of all investigated drugs in all aqueous matrices varied from 0.14 to 840,000 ng L-1. Citalopram presented the highest concentrations in the aqueous matrices. Based on the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, differences between wastewater influents and effluents were not significant for most wastewater categories, suggesting that conventional wastewater treatment systems as such do not remove or remove partially these compounds. High-income countries showed much lower concentrations in surface water than the group formed by upper-middle-, lower-middle-, and low-income countries. Regarding analytical methods, solid-phase extraction (SPE) was by far the most used extraction method (83%) and performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (73%) coupled to mass spectrometry (99%) the most common analytical method. Changes in behavior and in survival rates were the most common effects reported on bioindicators (aquatic species) due to the presence of these drugs in water. Concentrations of psychoactive drugs found in surface waters were most of the time within the range that caused measurable toxic effects in ecotoxicity assays.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Psicotrópicos / Poluentes Químicos da Água / Monitoramento Ambiental / Águas Residuárias Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Assunto da revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Alemanha

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Psicotrópicos / Poluentes Químicos da Água / Monitoramento Ambiental / Águas Residuárias Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Assunto da revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / TOXICOLOGIA Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Brasil País de publicação: Alemanha