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Water quality at points-of-use in the Galapagos Islands.
Gerhard, William A; Choi, Wan Suk; Houck, Kelly M; Stewart, Jill R.
Afiliação
  • Gerhard WA; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, 27599-7400 Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: billy.gerhard@duke.edu.
  • Choi WS; Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, 27599-7400 Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: choiwan@live.unc.edu.
  • Houck KM; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, 301 Alumni Building, CB #3115, UNC-CH, 27599-3115 Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: khouck@live.unc.edu.
  • Stewart JR; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, 27599-7400 Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: jill.stewart@unc.edu.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 220(2 Pt B): 485-493, 2017 04.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28185880
Piped drinking water is often considered a gold standard for protecting public health but research is needed to explicitly evaluate the effect of centralized treatment systems on water quality in developing world settings. This study examined the effect of a new drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on microbial drinking water quality at the point-of-use on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos using fecal indicator bacteria total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Samples were collected during six collection periods before and after operation of the DWTP began from the freshwater sources (n=4), the finished water (n=6), and 50 sites throughout the distribution system (n=287). This study found that there was a significant decrease in contamination by total coliforms (two orders of magnitude) and E. coli (one order of magnitude) after DWTP operation began (p<0.001). However, during at least one post-construction collection cycle, total coliforms and E. coli were still found at 66% and 28% of points-of-use (n=50), respectively. During the final collection period, conventional methods were augmented with human-specific Bacteroides assays - validated herein - with the goal of elucidating possible microbial contamination sources. Results show that E. coli contamination was not predictive of contamination by human wastes and suggests that observed indicator bacteria contamination may have environmental origins. Together these findings highlight the necessity of a holistic approach to drinking water infrastructure improvements in order to deliver high quality water through to the point-of-use.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluentes da Água / Água Potável / Enterobacteriaceae Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Ecuador Idioma: En Revista: Int J Hyg Environ Health Assunto da revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / SAUDE PUBLICA Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Alemanha
Texto completo
Adicionar na Minha BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Poluentes da Água / Água Potável / Enterobacteriaceae Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: America do sul / Ecuador Idioma: En Revista: Int J Hyg Environ Health Assunto da revista: SAUDE AMBIENTAL / SAUDE PUBLICA Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Alemanha