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Minerals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk Are Associated with Guatemalan Infant Anthropometric Outcomes within the First 6 Months.
Li, Chen; Solomons, Noel W; Scott, Marilyn E; Koski, Kristine G.
Afiliação
  • Li C; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition.
  • Solomons NW; Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging, and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala.
  • Scott ME; Institute of Parasitology, and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and.
  • Koski KG; School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and kris.koski@mcgill.ca.
J Nutr ; 146(10): 2067-2074, 2016 Oct.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27558578
BACKGROUND: Breast milk is the recommended source of nutrients for infant growth, but its adequacy to meet infants' mineral and trace element needs is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We used breast-milk mineral and trace element concentrations of Guatemalan mothers at 3 lactation stages to estimate total daily intakes and to determine whether intakes were associated with early infant growth. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, breast-milk samples were collected from Mam-Mayan mothers during transitional (5-17 d, n = 56), early (18-46 d, n = 75), and established (4-6 mo, n = 103) lactation; z scores for weight (WAZ), length (LAZ), and head circumference (HCAZ) were measured. Concentrations of 11 minerals (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese, rubidium, selenium, strontium, and zinc) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). WHO equations were used to calculate the estimated energy requirement, which was divided by the energy density of breast milk to estimate daily milk volume, and this number was multiplied by breast-milk mineral concentrations to estimate intakes. Principal component analyses identified clusters of minerals; principal components (PCs) were used in regression analyses for anthropometric outcomes. RESULTS: Estimated breast-milk intakes during established lactation were insufficient to compensate for the lower milk sodium, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations in male infants and the lower sodium, iron and manganese concentrations in female infants. Estimated intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and selenium were below the Institute of Medicine Adequate Intake for both sexes at all 3 stages of lactation. In early lactation, multiple linear regressions showed that PC1 (calcium, magnesium, potassium, rubidium, and strontium intakes) was positively associated with WAZ, LAZ, and HCAZ. In established lactation, the same PC with sodium added was positively associated with all 3 anthropometric outcomes; a second PC (PC2: zinc, copper, and selenium intakes) was associated with WAZ and LAZ but not HCAZ. CONCLUSIONS: Breast milk may be inadequate in selected minerals and trace elements where higher estimated intakes were associated with greater infant growth.
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Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Oligoelementos / Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente / Leite Humano Tipo de estudo: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Infant / Male País/Região como assunto: America central / Guatemala Idioma: En Revista: J Nutr Ano de publicação: 2016 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Estados Unidos
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Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Oligoelementos / Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente / Leite Humano Tipo de estudo: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Female / Humans / Infant / Male País/Região como assunto: America central / Guatemala Idioma: En Revista: J Nutr Ano de publicação: 2016 Tipo de documento: Article País de publicação: Estados Unidos