[Medical significance of endothelial glycocalyx. Part 2: Its role in vascular diseases and in diabetic complications]. / Importancia médica del glucocáliz endotelial. Parte 2: su papel en enfermedades vasculares y complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus.
Arch Cardiol Mex
; 84(2): 110-6, 2014.
Article
em Es
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24836779
Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer composed by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins attached to the vascular endothelial luminal surface. Shredding of glycocalyx appears as an essential initial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus, as well as in chronic venous disease. Atherosclerosis risk factors, as hypercholesterolemia (LDL), hyperglycemia, inflammation, salt excess and altered shear stress can damage glycocalyx. This lead to endothelial dysfunction and allows LDL and leukocytes to filtrate to the subendothelial space initiating atheroma plaque formation. Degradation of glycocalyx in diabetes mellitus is mainly due to oxidative stress and enables protein filtration (albuminuria) and endothelial disorder of microangiopathy. Chronic venous hypertension brings to altered shears stress which results in shredded glycocalyx, this allows leukocytes to migrate into venous wall and initiate inflammation leading to morphologic and functional venous changes of the chronic venous disease. Treatment with glycosaminoglycans (sulodexide) prevents or recovers the damaged glycocalyx and several of its consequences. This drug improves chronic venous disease and promotes healing of chronic venous ulcers. It has also been useful in peripheral arterial obstructive disease and in diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças Vasculares
/
Endotélio Vascular
/
Glicocálix
/
Angiopatias Diabéticas
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
Es
Revista:
Arch Cardiol Mex
Assunto da revista:
CARDIOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2014
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de publicação:
México