Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin.
Environ Sci Technol
; 43(18): 6934-8, 2009 Sep 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19806723
Perchlorate (ClO4(-)) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO4(-), and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO4(-) into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO4(-) sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of 36Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO4(-) sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO4(-) having high 36Cl abundances (36Cl/Cl = 3100 x 10(-15) to 28,800 x 10(-15)), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (36Cl/Cl = 0.9 x 10(-15) to 590 x 10(-15)) and synthetic ClO4(-) reagents and products (36Cl/Cl = 0.0 x 10(-15) to 40 x 10(-15)). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, 36Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal ClO4(-) source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Traçadores Radioativos
/
Radioisótopos
/
Cloro
/
Percloratos
País/Região como assunto:
America do sul
/
Chile
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Sci Technol
Ano de publicação:
2009
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Estados Unidos
País de publicação:
Estados Unidos