BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are still few strictu sensu Post-Graduation Programs in Anesthesiology in Brazil. Aiming at fostering post-graduation in Anesthesiology in Brazil, we present the experience of ten years at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). CONTENTS: Strictu sensu post-graduation program in Anesthesiology - UNESP was accredited by CAPES since its beginning in 1994, for Master and Doctoral programs. The program is developed around three fields of study: Organs and Systems Risk and Protection in Anesthesia and Surgery; Quality and Safety in Anesthesiology; and Clinical and Experimental Models for Pain Therapy, with their respective 14 research lines. The number of regular students is compatible with the number of faculty advisers (12), with three students per adviser in average. From its beginning to September 2004, there were 45 Master and 24 Doctoral reports, in a total of 69 presentations, most of them with scholarships and funding granted by Research Fostering Agencies. After receiving their doctor's degree, 65% of students dedicate themselves to teaching and researching in Brazilian public and private universities. Most studies are published in Qualis A Brazilian journals with a lower number of publications in international Qualis A or B journals. The program was scored 4.0 by CAPES, in a scale from 1 to 7, in its three most recent evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The program has positively evolved throughout its 10 years of existence and major objectives have been reached, such as qualification of professors and investigators in Anesthesiology for Brazilian universities.