PIP: Leukorrhea constitutes one of the most frequent complaints by women visiting out-patient gynecological clinics. The most common etiological agents are Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoea and Candida albicans. Some authors have been able to verify an increased presence of certain pathogenic germs in the vaginal flora for users of contraceptive methods, e.g., for users of IUD, Kivijarvi et al. demonstrated a significantly increased presence of Gardnerella vaginalis considered responsible for a large number of inflammatory diseases of the pelvis in woman. In order to establish the frequency of colpo-cervicitis in users of contraceptive methods a study was initiated of women attending the Family Planning Clinic of the Department of Medicine at UFMG during the period January-December 1986. 305 cytological smears obtained from 111 users of oral hormonal contraceptives and from 194 users of IUD were studied by using the Papanicolaou staining method. A microscopic examination enabling the detection of cells that indicate the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas, Candida, papilloma, and dysplastic cells was performed. The results are listed in two tables. In 34.5% of cases a significant association was established between users of IUD and cells indicating the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis. For users of oral contraceptives that figure was lower, 28.8%. This circumstance has been attributed to probable epithelial lesions caused by incorrect insertion of the IUD and more abundant menstrual flux provoked b the IUD in combination with the hemophilic characteristics of Gardnerella vaginalis. A significant prevalence of papilloma and trichomonas was also noted for women using IUD as opposed to those oral contraceptives. The results demonstrate the necessity of frequent clinical attendance and laboratory tests for women using contraceptive methods, particularly the IUD.^ieng