Objective:To evaluate the effect of health education project on prevention and control of endemic diseases in Henan Province.Methods:According to the distribution and condition of endemic diseases in Henan Province, from 2008 to 2015, five project counties (cities, districts, referred to as counties) were selected in each provincial city. Three townships (towns) were selected from each project county as project townships (towns), and one central primary school and the village where the school was located were selected from each township (town) as health education survey sites. The prospective study method was adopted. Firstly, the students in the primary school of the project township (town) and the housewives in the project village were investigated with questionnaire. The intervention activities of health education were carried out in the county, township (town), village and school of the project. The intervention effect of health education was evaluated by questionnaire survey two months later.Results:There were 111 870 people investigated in Henan Province, including 74 580 students and 37 290 housewives. A total of 99 671 people were surveyed after the intervention, including 66 249 students and 33 422 housewives. Elementary student's awareness rate of endemic diseases prevention and control knowledge increased from 59.74% before intervention to 92.89% after intervention, the housewives' awareness rate increased from 65.62% before intervention to 91.82% after intervention. The awareness rate of the target population increased from 61.70% before intervention to 92.53% after intervention ( P < 0.01); among them, the awareness rates of iodine deficiency disorders, drinking water type fluorosis, coal-burning type fluorosis, drinking water type arsenic poisoning, Kashin-Beck disease and Keshan disease were significantly increased ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:With the implementation of health education project, the awareness rate of knowledge on endemic diseases has increased distinctly.