Objective:To investigate the effect of tonsillectomy combined with glucocorticoids therapy on long-term clinical remission and renal prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) children with recurrent acute onset history of tonsillitis.Methods:The clinical data of children who were diagnosed with primary IgAN from January 2000 to December 2017 in Jinling Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All participants were treated with long course therapy of glucocorticoids. The children with recurrent acute onset history of tonsillitis were divided into tonsillectomy group and non-tonsillectomy group according to whether to perform tonsillectomy, followed up until the patients' serum creatinine doubled, the estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased by more than 50%, progression to end-stage renal disease, renal replacement therapy or death. The renal survival rate was calculated and compared by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the effect of tonsillectomy on the renal prognosis of IgAN children.Results:A total of 120 children with IgAN were enrolled in this study, including 40 cases in tonsillectomy group and 80 cases in non-tonsillectomy group. The median follow-up time was 97.5(57.3, 132.0) months. The clinical remission rate in the tonsillectomy group was higher than that in the non-tonsillectomy group (72.5% vs 45.0%, χ2=8.123, P=0.004). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that there was no significant difference in renal survival rate between the two groups (Log-rank test χ2=0.070, P=0.791). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tonsillectomy was not an independent risk factor affecting renal end-point events in IgAN children ( HR=0.986, 95% CI 0.499-1.948, P=0.967). Conclusions:The clinical remission rate of IgAN children undergoing tonsillectomy is higher than that of children without tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy is not an independent factor affecting renal end-point events in IgAN children. Tonsillectomy does not delay the time of entry into end-stage renal disease for children with IgAN.