Objective In recent decades, the morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increased dramatically. Researches have found irisin can improve islet function, however there are few researches on opg and gestational diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the changes of circulating irisin, opg levels in GDM patients and their correlation with insulin resistance (IR), pancreatic β-cell function to explore the potential mechanism of GDM.Methods We enrolled newly diagnosed GDM women (GDM group, n=70) and normal glucose tolerance women (NGT group, n=70) who undertook regular prenatal checkups in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May to December 2015. HbA1c, HOMA-IR, insulin sensitivity, HOMA-β, early insulin secretion index(EISI, ΔI60/ΔG60), serum irisin and opg levels of all participants were tested. Correlation analysis were performed between serum irisin and opg levels and each index to analyze GDM risk factors.Results The fasting serum opg level in GDM group ([2224.76±881.47]pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in NGT group([1148.15±700.13]pg/mL) and the fasting serum irisin level in GDM group ([417.26.76±113.75]ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in NGT group([530.62±150.76]ng/mL) , both the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.05). HOMA-IR, OGTT AUCg and AUCi in GDM group were significantly higher than those in NGT group, while insulin sensitivity and ΔI60/ΔG60 index were significantly lower than those in NGT group (P<0.05). The fasting serum irisin level was in negative correlation with HOMA-IR and OGTT AUCg(r=-0.179, -0.258, P<0.05) and in positive correlation with insulin sensitivity(r=0.212, P<0.05); the opg level was in positive correlation with HOMA-IR(r=0.219, P<0.05) and in negative correlation with insulin sensitivity and ΔI60/ΔG60 index (r=-0.290, 0.183, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed irisin (OR=0.994, 95%CI: 0.990~0.998) and opg (OR=5.802, 95%CI: 2.835~11.873) were the influencing factors of GDM (P<0.05).Conclusion Irisin and opg have certain correlation with IR and β-cell function. Either the decrease of serum irisin level or the increase of opg level may increase the risk of GDM.