Objective To investigate the pathogenic and clinical features of bloodstream infections in patients with hematological malignancies for improving clinical treatment.Methods A total of 92 patients with hematological malignancy and positive blood culture treated during the period from September 2011 to September 2016 were analyzed,including clinical manifestations,treatment and prognosis.The distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens were also investigated.Results Of the 92 patients with bloodstream infection,64.1％ had underlying agranulocytosis.All patients had fever.Septic shock was found in 45.7％ cases.Elevated procalcitonin was detected in 82.6％ cases.The 107 isolates from blood stream included 75 (70.1％) strains of gram negative bacteria,27 (25.2％) strains of gram positive bacteria,and 5 (4.7％) strains of fungi.Escherichia coli showed higher resistance rate to ceftriaxone (80.9％) and levofloxacin (91.3％).Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.2％) and Acinetobacter baumannii (50.0％) strains showed relatively high resistance to imipenem.Gram positive bacteria were still sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.Overall,35 (38.0％) patients died.The initial empirical treatment regimen had significant impact on patient outcome (P＜0.05).The mortality rate of initial carbapenem-based empirical treatment was slightly lower (28.6％ vs 46.2％) than that of non-carbapenem-based initial regimen,but the difference was not significant (P=0.163).Conclusions The outcome is poor in patients with hematological malignancy complicated with bloodstream infection.The main pathogen is gram negative bacteria in such infections,associated with high antibiotic resistance.The emergence of carbapenem resistance is an issue of concern.The effectiveness of initial empirical therapy may have significant effect on patient outcome.