Objective:To investigate the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of Child-Pugh C cirrhosis complicated by obstructive jaundice and its effects on liver function and infection indexes.Methods:The clinical data of 86 patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis complicated by obstructive jaundice who received treatment in the Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from June 2017 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into an observation group ( n = 56) and a control group ( n = 30) according to different treatment methods. Patients in the observation group underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and those in the control group received conservative drug treatment. After 14 days of treatment, clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. The changes in liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptide (GGT)] and infection indicators [white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The incidence of postoperative complications was compared between the two groups. At 6 months after treatment, the prognosis was compared between the two groups. Results:The total response rate in the observation group was 98.21% (55/56), which was significantly higher than 60.00% (18/30) in the control group ( Z = 23.43, P < 0.001). Before treatment, serum ALT, AST, GGT levels in the control group were (294.53 ± 45.19) U/L, (286.62 ± 17.15) U/L, and (304.53 ± 12.34) U/L, respectively, and they were (96.25 ± 16.7) U/L, (113.25 ± 8.56) U/L, (122.25 ± 9.24) U/L after 14 days of treatment. Before treatment, serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels in the observation group were (352.36 ± 70.23) U/L, (303.31 ± 12.12) U/L, and (368.36 ± 10.23) U/L, respectively, and they were (108.65 ± 12.38) U/L, (95.65 ± 6.54) U/L, and (85.66 ± 7.28) U/L, respectively, after 14 days of treatment. After treatment, serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels in each group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (observation group t = 22.54, 49.54, 64.76; control group t = 25.57, 112.83, 168.48, all P < 0.05). After treatment, the amplitude of decrease in serum ALT, AST, and GGT levels in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group ( t = 2.27, 3.18, 4.61, all P < 0.05). After treatment, PCT, CRP, and WBC in each group were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (observation group: t = 11.68, 11.46, 5.42, control group: t = 20.39, 18.69, 19.02, all P < 0.05). After treatment, the amplitude of decrease in serum PCT, CRP, and WBC in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group ( t = 5.14, 1.67, and 2.11, all P < 0.05). Within 14 days after treatment, there were two cases of acute pancreatitis, one case of hyperamylasemia, and one case of transient biliary bleeding in the observation group. There was one case of acute pancreatitis in the control group. The incidence of complications in the observation group was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in the control group ( P > 0.05). After treatment, 12 patients (40.00%) in the control group experienced worsening jaundice, and additional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography salvage treatment was given. After treatment, total bilirubin level decreased by > 50%, reaching the standard of significant efficacy. At 6 months after treatment, stent obstruction occurred in two patients, which was effectively treated by replacement. There were no deaths in each group during the follow-up period. Conclusion:Implantation of a nasobiliary duct or a biliary duct stent during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is more effective at treating yelloxemia in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis complicated by obstructive jaundice than medication. The former method can effectively relieve obstructive jaundice, smooth drainage, improve liver function, reduce infection, and be relatively safe.