INTRODUCTION: Rationalizing preoperative chest radiography remains a problem in our Country. Therefore, we tried to use preoperative chest films rationally in obstetrics and gynecology to assess their impact on anesthesia planning and patient management and their use in early postoperative complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined two groups of patients: group A consisted of 570 women (mean age: 31 years) scheduled to be submitted to cesarean section but with no preoperative chest radiography; group B consisted of 471 patients (homogeneous in age to group A patients) submitted to nononcologic gynecologic surgery and with a single-projection preoperative chest radiograph. Anesthesiologic assessment, preoperative biochemical tests and EKG were performed in all patients. All patients underwent abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The first 24 postoperative hours were monitored for possible anesthesia-related complications. The anesthesiologist need of chest radiography based on clinical findings was investigated in group A patients, as well as the importance of chest film findings in possible anesthesia-related complications. RESULTS: Group A and group B were homogeneous by mean patient age and anesthesia duration; clinical findings never suggested the need of chest radiography in group A patients. Three cardiorespiratory complications occurred (two respiratory arrests in group A and a gas embolism in group B), but the (un)availability of chest film findings made no difference in treatment. DISCUSSION: The availability of the preoperative chest radiographs of a group of healthy women of 31 years mean age does not make any difference in anesthesia planning and type. In our series, the most severe cardiorespiratory complications were homogeneous in the two groups, which confirms their random character, and the (un)availability of preoperative chest film findings made no real difference, even though the lack of radiographic evidence made patient management more demanding for anesthesiologists.