Toxicity of Guthion and Guthion 2S to Xenopus laevis embryos.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
; 27(2): 250-5, 1994 Aug.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-8060170
The development of Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) embryos exposed to the pesticide Guthion (technical grade) and Guthion 2S (commercial formulation) was evaluated in modified Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay--Xenopus (FETAX) tests. The embryos were exposed to five or six increasing concentrations of pesticide in 10- and 100-ml exposure volumes of test solution for 96 h. Embryos exposed in 10-ml volumes of Guthion exhibited increased mortality, increased deformation, and decreased size as compared to those exposed in 100-ml volumes. LC50s for embryos exposed in the 10-ml Guthion tests ranged from 6.1 to 6.3 mg/L as compared to 10.6 to 11.9 mg/L for those in the 100-ml tests. The percentage of deformities at 3 mg/L Guthion in test survivors in 10-ml tests ranged from 73 to 89%, while in the 100-ml tests less than 2% were deformed at the same concentration. Mean control embryo lengths at test completion were 8.2 and 10.6 mm, respectively, for 10- and 100-ml tests. The LC50 for embryos in 100 ml Guthion 2S was 1.6 mg/L active ingredient, indicating a much greater toxicity of the commercial formulation. NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) values for Guthion and Guthion 2S ranged from 0.48 to 7.96 mg/L, depending upon basis (length, deformity, mortality) and pesticide formulation, and were many times greater than the existing water quality criterion of 0.01 microgram/L.
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Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Azinfosmetilo
/
Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos
/
Embrión no Mamífero
/
Animales Salvajes
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
Año:
1994
Tipo del documento:
Article
Pais de publicación:
Estados Unidos