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Fate of persistent and mobile chemicals in the water cycle: From municipal wastewater discharges to river bank filtrate.
Muschket, Matthias; Neuwald, Isabelle J; Zahn, Daniel; Seelig, Alina H; Kuckelkorn, Jochen; Knepper, Thomas P; Reemtsma, Thorsten.
Afiliación
  • Muschket M; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
  • Neuwald IJ; Hochschule Fresenius gem. Trägergesellschaft mbH, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein 65510, Germany.
  • Zahn D; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
  • Seelig AH; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
  • Kuckelkorn J; German Environment Agency, Section of Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, Heinrich-Heine-Str. 12, Bad Elster 08645, Germany.
  • Knepper TP; Hochschule Fresenius gem. Trägergesellschaft mbH, Limburger Str. 2, Idstein 65510, Germany.
  • Reemtsma T; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, Leipzig 04103, Germany. Electronic address: thorsten.reemtsma@ufz.de.
Water Res ; 266: 122436, 2024 Sep 12.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39298902
ABSTRACT
Persistent and mobile (PM) chemicals are considered detrimental for drinking water resources as they may pass through all barriers protecting these resources against pollution. However, knowledge on the occurrence of PM chemicals in the water cycle, that make their way into drinking water resources, is still limited. The effluents of six municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs, n = 38), surface water of two rivers (n = 32) and bank filtrate of one site (n = 15) were analyzed for 127 suspected PM chemicals. In the rivers, median concentrations of 92 detected analytes ranged from 0.3 ng/L to 2.6 µg/L (tetrafluoroborate, BF4). Lower than average dilution from WWTP effluent to surface water of 43 PM chemicals suggests significant discharge from other sources. Many of these compounds were industrial chemicals, including cyanoguanidine, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and BF4. River bank filtration (RBF) reduced the total concentration of 40 quantified compounds by 60 % from 19.5 µg/L in surface water to 8.4 µg/L in bank filtrate, on average. Of these, 20 compounds showed good removal (> 80 %), 14 intermediate (80 - 20 %) and 6 no removal (≤ 20 %), among them carbamazepine, hexafluorophosphate, and 2-pyrrolidone. 13 substances occurred at concentrations ≥ 0.1 µg/L in bank filtrate; for six of them toxicological data were insufficient for a health-based risk assessment. The regulatory definition of P and M chemicals, if used together with existing data on environmental half-lives (P) and Koc (M), showed little power to discriminate between chemicals well removed in RBF and those that were hardly removed. This comprehensive field study shows that RBF is a useful but incomplete barrier to retain PM chemicals from surface water. Thus, PM chemicals are, indeed, a challenge for a sustainable water supply.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Water Res Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Alemania Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Water Res Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Alemania Pais de publicación: Reino Unido