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Geographical analysis of fluoride and nitrate and its probabilistic health risk assessment utilizing Monte Carlo simulation and GIS in potable water in rural areas of Mathura region, Uttar Pradesh, northern India.
Ali, Shahjad; Ahmad, Salman; Usama, Mohammad; Islam, Raisul; Shadab, Azhar; Deolia, Rajesh Kumar; Kumar, Jitendra; Rastegar, Ayoob; Mohammadi, Ali Akbar; Khurshid, Shadab; Oskoei, Vahide; Nazari, Seyed Alireza.
Afiliación
  • Ali S; Department of Environmental Science, Sharda School of Smart Agriculture, Sharda University Agra, Keetham, Agra, 282007 India.
  • Ahmad S; Interdisciplinary Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
  • Usama M; Department of Environmental Science, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
  • Islam R; Department of Civil Engineering, GLA University Mathura, India.
  • Shadab A; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India.
  • Deolia RK; Department of Applied Science (Mathematics), G.L. Bajaj Group of Institutions, Mathura, India.
  • Kumar J; Department of Mathematics and Computing, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India.
  • Rastegar A; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
  • Mohammadi AA; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
  • Khurshid S; Workplace Health Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
  • Oskoei V; Interdisciplinary Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
  • Nazari SA; School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Heliyon ; 10(17): e37250, 2024 Sep 15.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39296217
ABSTRACT
Human health is being increasingly exposed to fluoride and nitrate ingestion globally due to anthropogenic alternations in groundwater resources. In the present research work, a hazard quotient (HQ), Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and geographic information systems (GIS) have been used to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risk of nitrate and fluoride in vulnerable adults, teenagers, and children living in far-flung areas of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India. About 110 samples from some nearby populations were collected and analyzed for nitrates by ion chromatography and fluoride by a fluoride-selective electrode. The results indicated that the concentrations of fluoride and nitrate in the sampling areas ranged from 0.21 to 1.71 mg/L and 0.4-183.54 mg/L, respectively, with mean concentrations of about 1.20 mg/L and 51.52 mg/L for fluoride and nitrate, respectively. The results indicated that 27.27 % of the fluoride samples (27 out of 110) and 45.45 % of the nitrate samples (44 out of 110) were above the standard limits set by WHO. The calculated average HQ values fluoride and Nitrate for children, teenagers and adults were 1.88, 0.98, 0.90 and 3.02, 1.57, 1.45 respectively The 95th percentile HQ values for fluoride were 2.87 for children and 1.03 for adults, while those for nitrate were 4.10 for children and 1.98 for adults. Results of the health risk assessment show that there is a high potential for both non-carcinogenic and cancer risks from fluoride and nitrate through the consumption of groundwater. The Monte Carlo simulation showed the uncertainties and increased risks for children; therefore, one can infer that rural groundwater of the Mathura region, Uttar Pradesh, India, must be treated to make it potable for consumption.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Heliyon Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar en Google

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Heliyon Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Reino Unido