Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in neonatal encephalopathy: A narrative review.
Medicine (Baltimore)
; 103(36): e39488, 2024 Sep 06.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39252249
ABSTRACT
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a serious condition with various neurological dysfunctions in newborns. Disruptions in glucose metabolism, including both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, are common in NE and can significantly impact outcomes. Hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose below 45 mg/dL, is associated with increased mortality, neurodevelopmental disabilities, and brain lesions on MRI. Conversely, hyperglycemia, above 120 to 150 mg/dL, has also been linked to heightened mortality, hearing impairment, and multiorgan dysfunction. Both aberrant glucose states appear to worsen prognosis compared to normoglycemic infants. Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for NE that provides neuroprotection by reducing metabolic demands and inflammation. Adjunct therapies like glucagon and continuous glucose monitoring show promise in managing dysglycemia and improving outcomes. Glucagon can enhance cerebral blood flow and glucose supply, while continuous glucose monitoring enables real-time monitoring and personalized interventions. Maintaining balanced blood sugar levels is critical in managing NE. Early detection and intervention of dysglycemia are crucial to improve outcomes in neonates with encephalopathy. Further research is needed to optimize glycemic management strategies and explore the potential benefits of interventions like glucagon therapy.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Encefalopatías
/
Hiperglucemia
/
Hipoglucemia
Límite:
Humans
/
Newborn
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Medicine (Baltimore)
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Pakistán
Pais de publicación:
Estados Unidos