INTRODUCTION:

The AUA Workforce Workgroup contributes workforce-related questions to the annual AUA Census to better understand factors impacting the urologic community. This study aims to highlight pertinent gender differences potentially impacting career satisfaction and identify areas in which intervention could improve gender discrepancies. We hypothesize significant differences between males and females exist regarding responses to gender-related AUA Census questions.

METHODS:

The 2016 to 2021 AUA Censuses were examined to collate gender-specific data between self-identified male and female urologists. Up until 2021, the words male and female were used to define gender. The language was changed in the 2022 Census. Answers to AUA Census questions on topics with potential gender differences were grouped into major categories of workplace treatment and job satisfaction.

RESULTS:

Females were more likely than males to report negative differential treatment in primary practices (66.3% vs 2.7%, P < .001), felt they had limitations in seeing certain patients due to their gender (25.9% vs 2.4%, P = .021), experience gender bias in their practice (39.3% vs 1.2%, P < .001), and experience conflict regarding work and personal responsibility (95.4% vs 75%, P < .001). Females felt more barriers to professional success (93% vs 75%, P < .001) and felt a lack of control over staffing decisions or scheduling to be the greatest barriers (46.2%, P < .001). In contrast, males felt lack of time (33.7%, P = .060) to be the most significant barrier. Females were less likely than males to report feeling satisfied or very satisfied with their work-life balance (39.9% vs 57.7%, P < .001) and more likely to feel they do not have enough time for personal/family life (57.7% vs 33.6, P < .001). Females were also more likely than males to feel burnout (49.2% vs 35.3%, P < .001), which increased notably between 2016 and 2021. Females were also more likely to carry substantial education debt (18% vs 9%) and feel this contributed to burnout (38% vs 21.6%, P < .001). Notably, males and females demonstrated little difference in average worked hours (h) per week (mean 45.7 h for males, 43.7 h for females) and choosing medicine again as a career (88% males, 83.3% females; P= .143) and urology again as a specialty (93.3% males, 90.8% females; P = .307).

CONCLUSIONS:

Significant differences exist in career perceptions based on gender. Females report unique challenges in the workplace, and these factors contribute to less job satisfaction. Future work is needed to help characterize and address these differential workplace experiences.