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Effects of seasonal management programs on PM2.5 in Seoul and Beijing using DN-PMF: Collaborative efforts from the Korea-China joint research.
Ryoo, Ilhan; Ren, Lihong; Li, Gang; Zhou, Tao; Wang, Manhua; Yang, Xiaoyang; Kim, Taeyeon; Cheong, Yeonseung; Kim, Songkang; Chae, Hyeogki; Lee, Kyungmi; Jeon, Kwon-Ho; Hopke, Philip K; Yi, Seung-Muk; Park, Jieun.
Afiliación
  • Ryoo I; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Ren L; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
  • Li G; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
  • Zhou T; Changdao Ecological Environment Monitoring Station in Shandong Province, Yantai 265899, China.
  • Wang M; Dalian Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province, 116023, China.
  • Yang X; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
  • Kim T; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Cheong Y; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Kim S; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Chae H; Department of Climate and Air Quality Research, Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
  • Lee K; Department of Climate and Air Quality Research, Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
  • Jeon KH; Department of Climate and Air Quality Research, Global Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
  • Hopke PK; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.
  • Yi SM; Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yiseung@snu.ac.kr.
  • Park J; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jieun_park@hsph.harvard.edu.
Environ Int ; 191: 108970, 2024 Sep.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39197373
ABSTRACT
South Korea and China have implemented increasingly stringent mitigation measures to reduce the health risks from PM2.5 exposure, jointly conducting a ground-based air quality observation study in Northeast Asia. Dispersion normalized positive matrix factorization (DN-PMF) was used to identify PM2.5 sources in Seoul and Beijing and assess the effectiveness of the seasonal management programs (SMPs) through a comparative study. Samples were collected during three periods January-December 2019, September 2020-May 2021, and July 2021-March 2022. In Seoul, ten sources were resolved (Secondary nitrate 8.67 µg/m3, 34 %, Secondary sulfate 5.67 µg/m3, 22 %, Motor vehicle 1.83 µg/m3, 7.2 %, Biomass burning 2.30 µg/m3, 9.1 %, Residual oil combustion 1.66 µg/m3, 6.5 %, Industry 2.15 µg/m3, 8.5 %, Incinerator 1.39 µg/m3, 5.5 %, Coal combustion 0.363 µg/m3, 1.4 %, Road dust/soil 0.941 µg/m3, 3.7 %, Aged sea salt 0.356 µg/m3, 1.4 %). The SMP significantly decreased PM2.5 mass concentrations and source contributions of motor vehicle, residual oil combustion, industry, coal combustion, and biomass burning sources (p-value < 0.05). For Seoul, the reduction effects of the SMPs were evident even considering the influence of the natural meteorological variations and the responses to COVID-19. In Beijing, nine sources were resolved (Secondary nitrate 12.6 µg/m3, 28 %, Sulfate 8.27 µg/m3, 18 %, Motor vehicle 3.77 µg/m3, 8.4 %, Biomass burning 2.70 µg/m3, 6.0 %, Incinerator 4.50 µg/m3, 10 %, Coal combustion 3.52 µg/m3, 7.8 %, Industry 5.01 µg/m3, 11 %, Road dust/soil 2.92 µg/m3, 6.5 %, Aged sea salt 1.63 µg/m3, 3.6 %). Significant reductions in PM2.5 mass concentrations and source contributions of industry, coal combustion, and incinerator (p-value < 0.05) were observed, attributed to the SMP and additional measures enforced before the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Unlike comparing PM2.5 mass concentration variations using conventional methods, investigation of the source contribution variations of PM2.5 by using DN-PMF can provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of the air quality management policies.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Estaciones del Año / Monitoreo del Ambiente / Contaminantes Atmosféricos / Contaminación del Aire / Material Particulado País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Int Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Países Bajos
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Estaciones del Año / Monitoreo del Ambiente / Contaminantes Atmosféricos / Contaminación del Aire / Material Particulado País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Int Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article Pais de publicación: Países Bajos