Can micronutrient requirements be met by diets from sustainable sources: outcomes of dietary modelling studies using diet optimization.
Ann Med
; 56(1): 2389295, 2024 Dec.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39129219
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Consumption of diets from sustainable sources is required for planetary health, however, large sections of the population, including females of reproductive age and children, will be at risk of not meeting their micronutrient (MN) requirements in a complete transition to plant-based foods. Constrained diet optimization methods use mathematical programming to construct diets that meet predefined parameters and may contribute towards modelling dietary solutions that meet nutritional and planetary targets.OBJECTIVE:
Review the evidence from diet optimization studies proposing solutions to ensure MN availability in the context of a transition to diets from sustainable sources.APPROACH:
Narrative review focusing on literature published over the last five years.RESULTS:
Dietary modelling using diet optimization can design a range of omnivorous and plant-based diets that meet individual MN requirements, have reduced environmental impacts, and minimize deviation from culturally acceptable dietary practices. Using data from large-scale dietary surveys, diet optimization can support development of food-based dietary guidelines; identify limiting MNs in a particular context or a conflict between constraints e.g. nutrition and environment; explore food-based strategies to increase nutrient supply, such as fortification; and support trial design. Methods used and outcomes reported are sources of variability. Individual-level dietary data and MN requirements for population sub-groups such as females of reproductive age and children are important requirements. Although maintaining iron and zinc intakes are regularly reported to present challenges in diets from sustainable sources, few studies have considered bioavailability, which reduces with increased dietary phytate. These and other data gaps including acceptability and affordability must be addressed to improve the applicability of modelling outcomes in population recommendations.CONCLUSIONS:
Dietary modelling using diet optimization can be useful in the design of more sustainable diets that meet MN requirements, however, translation of outcomes into dietary intervention studies is required to test real-world application and adoption into dietary guidelines.
A widespread shift towards plant-based diets could increase the risk of inadequate intakes of micronutrients typically sourced in foods of animal origin, particularly among females of reproductive age and children.Modelling of dietary intake data collected among individuals using techniques such as diet optimization could be helpful in guiding recommendations and intervention strategies; translation into intervention studies is required.Representative data in different population groups and settings, with methods incorporated to address data gaps on bioavailability of micronutrients, food fortification, and affordability, will improve the applicability of modelling outcomes.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Micronutrientes
/
Necesidades Nutricionales
Límite:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ann Med
Asunto de la revista:
MEDICINA
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Irlanda
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido