Raynaud's Phenomenon of the Nipple: Epidemiological, Clinical, Pathophysiological, and Therapeutic Characterization.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
; 21(7)2024 Jun 28.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39063426
ABSTRACT
Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple is a possible cause of pain and breastfeeding cessation in lactating women. However, there are still few studies on the characterization of this manifestation. Thus, we aim to develop a systematic review of the literature carried out between January 1992 and January 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Of the 438 articles, 19 met the eligibility criteria. The findings were divided by heuristic questions into two groups "Epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical characterization of Raynaud's Phenomenon of the nipple" and "Treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon of the nipple". Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple is commonly primary, being more prevalent in the postpartum period, in women with a mean age of 32 years. The main triggers appear to be stress and temperature change. Generally, it is associated with a change in color and pain during breastfeeding. A calcium channel blocker was the most used medication with or without non-pharmacological measures.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedad de Raynaud
/
Pezones
Límite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Environ Res Public Health
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Brasil
Pais de publicación:
Suiza