ADAR1: from basic mechanisms to inhibitors.
Trends Cell Biol
; 2024 Jul 18.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39030076
ABSTRACT
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, a process known as A-to-I editing. ADAR1 deficiency in humans and mice results in profound inflammatory diseases characterised by the spontaneous induction of innate immunity. In cells lacking ADAR1, unedited RNAs activate RNA sensors. These include melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) that induces the expression of cytokines, particularly type I interferons (IFNs), protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthase (OAS), and Z-DNA/RNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1). Immunogenic RNAs 'defused' by ADAR1 may include transcripts from repetitive elements and other long duplex RNAs. Here, we review these recent fundamental discoveries and discuss implications for human diseases. Some tumours depend on ADAR1 to escape immune surveillance, opening the possibility of unleashing anticancer therapies with ADAR1 inhibitors.
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1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Trends Cell Biol
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido