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Differential decline of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels, innate and adaptive immune cells, and shift of Th1/inflammatory to Th2 serum cytokine levels long after first COVID-19.
Kratzer, Bernhard; Gattinger, Pia; Trapin, Doris; Ettel, Paul; Körmöczi, Ulrike; Rottal, Arno; Stieger, Robert B; Sehgal, Al Nasar Ahmed; Feichter, Melanie; Borochova, Kristina; Tulaeva, Inna; Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Katharina; Tauber, Peter A; Perkmann, Thomas; Fae, Ingrid; Wenda, Sabine; Kundi, Michael; Fischer, Gottfried F; Valenta, Rudolf; Pickl, Winfried F.
Afiliación
  • Kratzer B; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Gattinger P; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Trapin D; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Ettel P; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Körmöczi U; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rottal A; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Stieger RB; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Sehgal ANA; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Feichter M; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Borochova K; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Tulaeva I; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • Tauber PA; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Perkmann T; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Fae I; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Wenda S; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Kundi M; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Fischer GF; Center for Public Health, Department for Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Valenta R; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Pickl WF; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Allergy ; 79(9): 2482-2501, 2024 Sep.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39003594
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a pandemic and contributes to long-lasting morbidity. Several studies have investigated immediate cellular and humoral immune responses during acute infection. However, little is known about long-term effects of COVID-19 on the immune system.

METHODS:

We performed a longitudinal investigation of cellular and humoral immune parameters in 106 non-vaccinated subjects ten weeks (10 w) and ten months (10 m) after their first SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peripheral blood immune cells were analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometry, serum cytokines were examined by multiplex technology. Antibodies specific for the Spike protein (S), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid protein (NC) were determined. All parameters measured 10 w and 10 m after infection were compared with those of a matched, noninfected control group (n = 98).

RESULTS:

Whole blood flow cytometric analyses revealed that 10 m after COVID-19, convalescent patients compared to controls had reduced absolute granulocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, involving T, B, and NK cells, in particular CD3+CD45RA+CD62L+CD31+ recent thymic emigrant T cells and non-class-switched CD19+IgD+CD27+ memory B cells. Cellular changes were associated with a reversal from Th1- to Th2-dominated serum cytokine patterns. Strong declines of NC- and S-specific antibody levels were associated with younger age (by 10.3 years, p < .01) and fewer CD3-CD56+ NK and CD19+CD27+ B memory cells. Changes of T-cell subsets at 10 m such as normalization of effector and Treg numbers, decline of RTE, and increase of central memory T cell numbers were independent of antibody decline pattern.

CONCLUSIONS:

COVID-19 causes long-term reduction of innate and adaptive immune cells which is associated with a Th2 serum cytokine profile. This may provide an immunological mechanism for long-term sequelae after COVID-19.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Citocinas / Células Th2 / Células TH1 / Inmunidad Adaptativa / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Inmunidad Innata / Anticuerpos Antivirales Límite: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: Allergy Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Austria Pais de publicación: Dinamarca
Texto completo
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XML
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Citocinas / Células Th2 / Células TH1 / Inmunidad Adaptativa / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Inmunidad Innata / Anticuerpos Antivirales Límite: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Idioma: En Revista: Allergy Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Austria Pais de publicación: Dinamarca