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Duration of effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in Japan: a retrospective cohort study using large-scale population-based registry data.
Uemura, Kohei; Ono, Sachiko; Michihata, Nobuaki; Yamana, Hayato; Yasunaga, Hideo.
Afiliación
  • Uemura K; Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. kohei.uemura@iii.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
  • Ono S; Department of Eat-loss Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Michihata N; Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
  • Yamana H; Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
  • Yasunaga H; Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Health Economics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
BMC Infect Dis ; 24(1): 648, 2024 Jun 28.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38943060
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Most evidence of the waning of vaccine effectiveness is limited to a relatively short period after vaccination.

METHODS:

Data obtained from a linked database of healthcare administrative claims and vaccination records maintained by the municipality of a city in the Kanto region of Japan were used in this study. The study period extended from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. The duration of the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine was analyzed using a time-dependent piecewise Cox proportional hazard model using the age, sex and history of cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease as covariates.

RESULTS:

Among the 174,757 eligible individuals, 14,416 (8.3%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 936 (0.54%) were hospitalized for COVID-19. Multivariate analysis based on the time-dependent Cox regression model with reference of non-vaccine group revealed a lower incidence of COVID-19 in the one-dose group (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.91]), two-dose (0.89 [0.85-0.93]), three-dose (0.80 [0.76-0.85]), four-dose (0.93 [0.88-1.00]), and five-dose (0.72 [0.62-0.84]) groups. A lower incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalization was observed in the one-dose group (0.42 [0.21-0.81]), two-dose (0.44 [0.35-0.56]), three-dose (0.38 [0.30-0.47]), four-dose (0.20 [0.14-0.28]), and five-dose (0.11 [0.014-0.86]) groups. Multivariable analyses based on the time-dependent piecewise Cox proportional hazard model with reference of non-vaccine group revealed significant preventive effects of the vaccine for 4 months for the incidence of COVID-19 and ≥ 6 months for hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Vaccine effectiveness showed gradual attenuation with time after vaccination; however, protective effects against the incidence of COVID-19 and hospitalization were maintained for 4 months and ≥ 6 months, respectively. These results may aid in formulating routine vaccination plans after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Sistema de Registros / Vacunas contra la COVID-19 / COVID-19 Límite: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: BMC Infect Dis Asunto de la revista: DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Sistema de Registros / Vacunas contra la COVID-19 / COVID-19 Límite: Adult / Aged / Aged80 / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: BMC Infect Dis Asunto de la revista: DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Reino Unido