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Characterization of a unique attachment organelle: Single-cell force spectroscopy of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites.
Gunaratnam, Gubesh; Leisering, Ricarda; Wieland, Ben; Dudek, Johanna; Miosge, Nicolai; Becker, Sören L; Bischoff, Markus; Dawson, Scott C; Hannig, Matthias; Jacobs, Karin; Klotz, Christian; Aebischer, Toni; Jung, Philipp.
Afiliación
  • Gunaratnam G; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. gubesh.gunaratnam@uni-saarland.de.
  • Leisering R; Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  • Wieland B; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. gubesh.gunaratnam@uni-saarland.de.
  • Dudek J; Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
  • Miosge N; Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
  • Becker SL; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. gubesh.gunaratnam@uni-saarland.de.
  • Bischoff M; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany. gubesh.gunaratnam@uni-saarland.de.
  • Dawson SC; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
  • Hannig M; Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
  • Jacobs K; Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
  • Klotz C; Max Planck School, Matter to Life, Heidelberg, Germany.
  • Aebischer T; Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  • Jung P; Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit 16 Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Nanoscale ; 16(14): 7145-7153, 2024 Apr 04.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38502112
ABSTRACT
The unicellular parasite Giardia duodenalis is the causative agent of giardiasis, a gastrointestinal disease with global spread. In its trophozoite form, G. duodenalis can adhere to the human intestinal epithelium and a variety of other, artificial surfaces. Its attachment is facilitated by a unique microtubule-based attachment organelle, the so-called ventral disc. The mechanical function of the ventral disc, however, is still debated. Earlier studies postulated that a dynamic negative pressure under the ventral disc, generated by persistently beating flagella, mediates the attachment. Later studies suggested a suction model based on structural changes of the ventral discs, substrate clutching or grasping, or unspecific contact forces. In this study, we aim to contribute to the understanding of G. duodenalis attachment by investigating detachment characteristics and determining adhesion forces of single trophozoites on a smooth glass surface (RMS = 1.1 ± 0.2 nm) by fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM)-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). Briefly, viable adherent trophozoites were approached with a FluidFM micropipette, immobilized to the micropipette aperture by negative pressure, and detached from the surface by micropipette retraction while retract force curves were recorded. These force curves displayed novel and so far undescribed characteristics for a microorganism, namely, gradual force increase on the pulled trophozoite, with localization of adhesion force shortly before cell detachment length. Respective adhesion forces reached 7.7 ± 4.2 nN at 1 µm s-1 pulling speed. Importantly, this unique force pattern was different from that of other eukaryotic cells such as Candida albicans or oral keratinocytes, considered for comparison in this study. The latter both displayed a force pattern with force peaks of different values or force plateaus (for keratinocytes) indicative of breakage of molecular bonds of cell-anchored classes of adhesion molecules or membrane components. Furthermore, the attachment mode of G. duodenalis trophozoites was mechanically resilient to tensile forces, when the pulling speeds were raised up to 10 µm s-1 and adhesion forces increased to 28.7 ± 10.5 nN. Taken together, comparative SCSF revealed novel and unique retract force curve characteristics for attached G. duodenalis, suggesting a ligand-independent suction mechanism, that differ from those of other well described eukaryotes.
Asunto(s)

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Giardiasis / Giardia lamblia Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Nanoscale Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Alemania Pais de publicación: Reino Unido

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Giardiasis / Giardia lamblia Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Nanoscale Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Alemania Pais de publicación: Reino Unido