New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.
Int J Mol Sci
; 25(5)2024 Mar 04.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38474219
ABSTRACT
The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating vascular tone and permeability and exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-thrombotic functions. When the endothelium is exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion of adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, and fibroblast growth factor, and reduced nitric oxide production, leading eventually to a loss of integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as a hallmark of dysmetabolic vascular impairment and contributes to detrimental effects on cardiac metabolism and diastolic dysfunction, and to the development of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Different biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed to predict cardiovascular diseases in order to identify microvascular and macrovascular damage and the development of atherosclerosis, particularly in metabolic disorders. Endothelial dysfunction also plays an important role in the development of severe COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications in dysmetabolic patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss the biological mechanisms involved in endothelial dysregulation in the context of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the available and promising biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in clinical practice.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Trombosis
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Enfermedades Vasculares
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
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Enfermedades Metabólicas
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Int J Mol Sci
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Italia
Pais de publicación:
Suiza