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Evaluating acute gastroenteritis-causing pathogen reduction in wastewater and the applicability of river water for wastewater-based epidemiology in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
Sthapit, Niva; Malla, Bikash; Tandukar, Sarmila; Thakali, Ocean; Sherchand, Jeevan B; Haramoto, Eiji.
Afiliación
  • Sthapit N; Department of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
  • Malla B; Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
  • Tandukar S; Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
  • Thakali O; Department of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
  • Sherchand JB; Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu 1524, Nepal.
  • Haramoto E; Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan. Electronic address: eharamoto@yamanashi.ac.jp.
Sci Total Environ ; 919: 170764, 2024 Apr 01.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331291
ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization and population growth without the implementation of proper waste management are capable of contaminating water sources, which can lead to acute gastroenteritis. This study examined the detection and reduction of five gastroenteritis-causing enteropathogens, Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, and genogroup IV norovirus, and one respiratory pathogen, influenza A virus, in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) using an oxidation ditch system (WWTP A; n = 20) and a stabilization pond system (WWTP B; n = 18) in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, collected between August 2017 and August 2019. All enteropathogens were detected in wastewater via quantitative PCR. The concentrations of the pathogens ranged from 5.7 to 7.9 log10 copies/L in WWTP A and from 4.9 to 8.1 log10 copies/L in WWTP B. The log10 reduction values of the pathogens ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 in WWTP A and from -0.1 to 0.2 in WWTP B. The association between the pathogen concentrations and the number of clinical cases in the corresponding week could not be evaluated; however, the consistent detection of pathogens in the wastewater despite low number of case reports suggested the use of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for early warning of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the Kathmandu Valley. The pathogens were also detected in river water at approximately 7.0 log10 copies/L and exhibited no significant difference in concentration compared to wastewater, suggesting the applicability of river water for WBE of AGE. Insufficient treatment of all pathogens in the wastewater was observed, suggesting the need for full rehabilitation of the treatment plants. However, the influent may be utilized for early detection of AGE-causing pathogens in the city, whereas the river water may serve as an alternative in areas without connection to the WWTPs.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Aguas Residuales / Gastroenteritis Tipo de estudio: Screening_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Países Bajos
Texto completo
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Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Aguas Residuales / Gastroenteritis Tipo de estudio: Screening_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Sci Total Environ Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Japón Pais de publicación: Países Bajos