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Risk of death due to COVID-19 among current and former smokers in the Netherlands: a population-based quasi-cohort study.
van Westen-Lagerweij, Naomi A; Plasmans, Marjanne H D; Kramer, Iris; Harteloh, Peter P M; Poos, Marinus J J C; Hilderink, Henk B M; Croes, Esther A.
Afiliación
  • van Westen-Lagerweij NA; The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Plasmans MHD; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
  • Kramer I; The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Harteloh PPM; Department of Health and Care, Statistics Netherlands, The Hague, The Netherlands.
  • Poos MJJC; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
  • Hilderink HBM; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
  • Croes EA; The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Epidemiol ; 53(1)2024 Feb 01.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38302746
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Research on smoking as a risk factor for death due to COVID-19 remains inconclusive, with different studies demonstrating either an increased or decreased risk of COVID-19 death among smokers. To investigate this controversy, this study uses data from the Netherlands to assess the relationship between smoking and death due to COVID-19.

METHODS:

In this population-based quasi-cohort study, we linked pseudonymized individual data on smoking status from the 2016 and 2020 'Health Monitor Adults and Elderly' in the Netherlands (n = 914 494) to data from the cause-of-death registry (n = 2962). Death due to COVID-19 in 2020 or 2021 was taken as the main outcome. Poisson regression modelling was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs of death due to COVID-19 for current and former smokers compared with never smokers while adjusting for relevant confounders (age, sex, educational level, body mass index and perceived health).

RESULTS:

Former smokers had a higher risk of death due to COVID-19 compared with never smokers across unadjusted (RR, 2.22; 95% CI, 2.04-2.42), age-sex-adjusted (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55) and fully adjusted (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.45) models. Current smokers had a slightly higher risk of death due to COVID-19 compared with never smokers after adjusting for age and sex (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.48) and after full adjustment (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90-1.29), although the results were statistically non-significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

People with a history of smoking appear to have a higher risk of death due to COVID-19. Further research is needed to investigate which underlying mechanisms may explain this.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Fumadores / COVID-19 Tipo de estudio: Etiology_studies / Incidence_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Límite: Adult / Aged / Humans País/Región como asunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Int J Epidemiol Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Países Bajos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
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XML
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Fumadores / COVID-19 Tipo de estudio: Etiology_studies / Incidence_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Límite: Adult / Aged / Humans País/Región como asunto: Europa Idioma: En Revista: Int J Epidemiol Año: 2024 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Países Bajos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido