Long-term health complications of chemical weapon exposure: a study on Halabja chemical attack survivors (Iraqi Kurds).
Inhal Toxicol
; 36(1): 26-30, 2024 Jan.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38190328
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
In 1988, the Iraqi government used a range of chemical weapons (CWs) against the Iraqi Kurds of Halabja. Here, we aim to investigate the long-term health consequences in exposed survivors as they are not sufficiently studied. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
This was a retrospective study conducted from November 2019 to May 2020 assessing the health status of all exposed Halabja chemical attack survivors compared to non-exposed people from the same area. RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION:
Two hundred thirty survivors and 240 non-exposed participants were enrolled in this study, with control participants matched to age, gender, and occupation. Among the survivors, females were more prevalent. The respiratory system was the most common single exposure route (83, 36.1%), with 138 (60%) of the survivors being exposed by multiple routes. The vast majority (88.7%) of survivors had activities of daily living (ADL) impairment. There was female predominance in mild and moderate cases, with more males in severe cases (p < 0.01). Respiratory and cardiac diseases were significantly more common in the survivors compared to the controls (p < 0.001). Survivors with multiple CW exposure routes had significantly higher rates of ADL impairment (p < 0.001) and cardiac disease, respiratory diseases, and miscarriage (p < 0.01), than those with a single exposure route.CONCLUSION:
In this study comparing CW survivors with a local control population, a single, high-dose exposure to CWs was associated with significant increases in chronic respiratory and cardiac conditions, in addition to high rates of ADL impairment. Similar studies are needed in other, more recent CW survivor cohorts.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Respiratorias
/
Actividades Cotidianas
Tipo de estudio:
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Aspecto:
Patient_preference
Límite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
País/Región como asunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Inhal Toxicol
Asunto de la revista:
TOXICOLOGIA
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Irak
Pais de publicación:
Reino Unido