Objective: To analyze the disease burden and change trend of lung cancer attributable to chromium in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019, and to provide reference for the formulation of health policies and strategies of disease prevention and control. Methods: In October 2022, using the data and findings of the burden of disease, injury and risk factor published in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019), the burden of lung cancer and its changes caused by occupational hexavalent chromium exposure in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed according to year and gender. The average age structure of the world population was used as the standard population to calculate standardized indicators, and then compared with the global population. Results: The incidence number, death number, disability adjusted life years (DALY) of lung cancer attributable to chromium in Chinese population of 2019 were 833 cases, 790 cases and 22118 person years, respectively. Compared with 1990 (257 cases, 277 cases, 8631 person years), the increase was 224.1%, 185.2%, 156.3%, higher than the global level (101.0%, 134.2%, 117.2%). The standardized morbidity, mortality and DALY rates of lung cancer attributable to chromium in Chinese population of 2019 were 0.059/100000, 0.056/100000 and 1.555/100000, which respectively increased by 169.7%, 137.4%, 113.3% in comparison with that of 1990 (0.022/100000, 0.023/100000 and 0.729/100000). The average annual percent changes were 18.8%, 15.1% and 13.5%, which were higher than the global level (5.7%, 8.4% and 7.0%). In 2019, the DALY caused by chromium-related lung cancer in the Chinese population accounted for 0.0058% (22118/382205568) of the all-cause disease burden in the Chinese population, and 51.8% (22118/42718) of the global population. In 2019, the disease burden of lung cancer attributable to chromium was higher in males than in females, the number of incidence, death and DALY were 576 cases (69.1%), 525 cases (66.5%) and 14717 person years (66.5%), respectively. Conclusion: In 2019, the proportion of disease burden caused by lung cancer attributable to chromium in the Chinese population is low, but it accounts for a high proportion of the global population burden of lung cancer attributable to chromium, and the standardized incidence, mortality and DALY rates show an increasing trend year by year from 1990 to 2019.