Background: Depression and anxiety are among the most critically recognized psychological complication of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to examine the two predictors among COVID-19 survivors in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2022. Methodology: Using a descriptive-analytical design, 347 COVID-19 survivors referred to hospitals in Ahvaz were meticulously examined. The database of the COVID-19 registration system contained primary information about the samples. For data collection, questionnaires, including the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory and a demographic questionnaire, were utilized. Results: The results revealed a significant relationship between anxiety score and family size (p = 0.019), education level (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.015), household income status (p = 0.017), disease history (p = 0.017), ethnicity (p < 0.001), disease severity (p < 0.001), and quarantine period (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the average depression score and gender (p = 0.023), number of family households (p = 0.009), level of education (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), household income (p < 0.001), disease severity (p < 0.001), disease history (p < 0.001), and quarantine period (p < 0.001). Moreover, linear regression analysis indicated only a significant relationship between depression scores and the quarantine period variable (p < 0.001), among others. The simultaneous examination of all variables on depression disorder highlighted a meaningful relationship between depression score and disease history (p = 0.013), occupation (p = 0.002), household income status (p = 0.002), and family size (p = 0.039). Conclusions: This study revealed a significant relationship between certain demographic variables, such as quarantine period, disease history, employment status, household income status, and the number of family households, and an increase in the average depression and anxiety score.