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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Treatment Option for Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence.
Okobi, Tobechukwu J; Uhomoibhi, Trinitas Oserefuamen; Akahara, Darlington E; Odoma, Victor A; Sanusi, Ibilola A; Okobi, Okelue E; Umana, Ifiok; Okobi, Emeka; Okonkwo, Chinwe C; Harry, Nkechinyere M.
Afiliación
  • Okobi TJ; Internal Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, New York, USA.
  • Uhomoibhi TO; Internal Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA.
  • Akahara DE; Internal Medicine, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, D.C., USA.
  • Odoma VA; Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA.
  • Sanusi IA; Cardiology/Oncology, IU Health, Bloomington, USA.
  • Okobi OE; Internal Medicine, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, USA.
  • Umana I; Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA.
  • Okobi E; Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA.
  • Okonkwo CC; Urology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, NGA.
  • Harry NM; Dentistry, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Abuja, NGA.
Cureus ; 15(6): e40031, 2023 Jun.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37425564
Bladder cancer is a prevalent disease, and treatment options for advanced bladder cancer remain limited. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have shown promise in treating bladder cancer. These drugs work by blocking receptors and ligands, disrupting signaling, and allowing T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. ICIs have been found to be effective in treating bladder cancer, especially in cases of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) that have progressed after chemotherapy. Furthermore, combination therapy with ICIs and chemotherapy or radiation therapy has shown promise in treating bladder cancer. While there are challenges associated with ICIs, including adverse effects, immune-related adverse events, and lack of efficacy in some patients, they remain a promising option for bladder cancer treatment, especially in cases where other treatment options have failed. This review paper focuses on the current role, challenges, and future trends of immunotherapy in the management of bladder cancer.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Cureus Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
Añadir a Mi BVS
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar en Google

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Idioma: En Revista: Cureus Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos