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Organic impurity profiling of fentanyl samples associated with recent clandestine laboratory methods.
Toske, Steven G; Mitchell, Jennifer R; Myslinski, James M; Walz, Andrew J; Guthrie, David B; Guest, Elizabeth M; Corbett, Charlotte A; Lockhart, Emily D.
Afiliación
  • Toske SG; Special Testing and Research Laboratory, United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Sterling, Virginia, USA.
  • Mitchell JR; Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia, USA.
  • Myslinski JM; Research and Technology Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
  • Walz AJ; Research and Technology Directorate, Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA.
  • Guthrie DB; Special Testing and Research Laboratory, United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Sterling, Virginia, USA.
  • Guest EM; Special Testing and Research Laboratory, United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Sterling, Virginia, USA.
  • Corbett CA; Special Testing and Research Laboratory, United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Sterling, Virginia, USA.
  • Lockhart ED; Special Testing and Research Laboratory, United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Sterling, Virginia, USA.
J Forensic Sci ; 68(5): 1470-1483, 2023 Sep.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37203260
Nearly a decade ago, fentanyl reappeared in the United States illicit drug market. In the years since, overdose deaths have continued to rise as well as the amount of fentanyl seized by law enforcement agencies. Research surrounding fentanyl production has been beneficial to regulatory actions and understanding illicit fentanyl production. In 2017, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) began collecting seized fentanyl samples from throughout the United States to track purity, adulteration trends, and synthetic impurity profiles for intelligence purposes. The appearance of a specific organic impurity, phenethyl-4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (phenethyl-4-ANPP) indicates a shift in fentanyl production from the traditional Siegfried and Janssen routes to the Gupta-patent route. Through a collaboration between the DEA and the US Army's Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (DEVCOM CBC), the synthesis of fentanyl was investigated via six synthetic routes, and the impurity profiles were compared to those of seized samples. The synthetic impurity phenethyl-4-ANPP was reliably observed in the Gupta-patent route published in 2013, and its structure was confirmed through isolation and structure elucidation. Organic impurity profiling results for illicit fentanyl samples seized in late 2021 have indicated yet another change in processing with the appearance of the impurity ethyl-4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (ethyl-4-ANPP). Through altering reagents traditionally used in the Gupta-patent route, the formation of this impurity was determined to occur through a modification of the route as originally described in the Gupta patent.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Drogas Ilícitas / Sobredosis de Droga Tipo de estudio: Risk_factors_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Forensic Sci Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Drogas Ilícitas / Sobredosis de Droga Tipo de estudio: Risk_factors_studies Límite: Humans País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: J Forensic Sci Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos