Demographic history and genomic consequences of 10,000 generations of isolation in a wild mammal.

Wang, Xuejing; Peischl, Stephan; Heckel, Gerald

Wang, Xuejing; Peischl, Stephan; Heckel, Gerald.

Afiliación

Wang X; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Peischl S; Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Amphipôle, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Heckel G; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Amphipôle, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: gerald.heckel@unibe.ch.

Curr Biol ; 33(10): 2051-2062.e4, 2023 05 22.

Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37178689

RESUMEN

Increased human activities caused the isolation of populations in many species-often associated with genetic depletion and negative fitness effects. The effects of isolation are predicted by theory, but long-term data from natural populations are scarce. We show, with full genome sequences, that common voles (Microtus arvalis) in the Orkney archipelago have remained genetically isolated from conspecifics in continental Europe since their introduction by humans over 5,000 years ago. Modern Orkney vole populations are genetically highly differentiated from continental conspecifics as a result of genetic drift processes. Colonization likely started on the biggest Orkney island and vole populations on smaller islands were gradually split off, without signs of secondary admixture. Despite having large modern population sizes, Orkney voles are genetically depauperate and successive introductions to smaller islands resulted in further reduction of genetic diversity. We detected high levels of fixation of predicted deleterious variation compared with continental populations, particularly on smaller islands, yet the fitness effects realized in nature are unknown. Simulations showed that predominantly mildly deleterious mutations were fixed in populations, while highly deleterious mutations were purged early in the history of the Orkney population. Relaxation of selection overall due to benign environmental conditions on the islands and the effects of soft selection may have contributed to the repeated, successful establishment of Orkney voles despite potential fitness loss. Furthermore, the specific life history of these small mammals, resulting in relatively large population sizes, has probably been important for their long-term persistence in full isolation.

Asunto(s)

Variación Genética; Genómica; Animales; Humanos; Mamíferos; Densidad de Población; Arvicolinae/genética

Palabras clave

Microtus arvalis; Orkney vole; bottleneck; conservation genomics; deleterious variation; demography; human introduction; island population; mutation load; rodent

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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Variación Genética / Genómica Tipo de estudio: Prognostic_studies Límite: Animals / Humans Idioma: En Revista: Curr Biol Asunto de la revista: BIOLOGIA Año: 2023 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Suiza Pais de publicación: Reino Unido

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