Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation.
EPMA J
; 14(1): 21-42, 2023 Mar.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36866156
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The current screening process for the DR risk is not sufficiently effective such that often the disease is undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel disease and neuroretinal changes create a vicious cycle resulting in the conversion of DR into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial and retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, and reduced visual field. PDR is considered an independent predictor of other severe diabetic complications such as ischemic stroke. A "domino effect" is highly characteristic for the cascading DM complications in which DR is an early indicator of impaired molecular and visual signaling. Mitochondrial health control is clinically relevant in DR management, and multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental for DR prognosis and PDR prediction. Altered metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, microvascular deficits and small vessel disease, chronic inflammation, and excessive tissue remodelling are in focus of this article as evidence-based targets for a predictive approach to develop diagnosis and treatment algorithms tailored to the individual for a cost-effective early prevention by implementing the paradigm shift from reactive medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in primary and secondary DR care management.
Analytical tools; Biomarkers; Blindness; Cell death; Cerebral small vessel disease; Comorbidities; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic complications; Domino effect; Global burden; Health policy; Health-to-disease transition; Inflammation; Ischemic stroke; Metabolic and signalling shifts; Mitochondrial injury; Molecular patterns; Neovascularisation; Predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine (3P/PPPM); Primary and secondary prevention; Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; ROS; Retinopathy; Stress; Tear fluid
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
EPMA J
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Suiza
Pais de publicación:
Suiza