AMR, antimicrobial resistance; Antimicrobial resistance; CP, carbapenemase-producing; CR, carbapenem-resistance; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; CRO, carbapenem-resistant organism; DI, direct infusion; Enterobacteriaceae; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; GC, gas chromatography; HILIC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; IM, ion mobility; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; LC, liquid chromatography; Lipidomics; MALDI-TOF MS, matrix-assister laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MOLI, metal oxide laser ionisation; MOS, metal oxide sensor; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MS, mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; OMV, outer membrane vesicle; PTM, post-translational modification; Proteomics; SESI, secondary electrospray ionisation; SIFT, selected-ion flow-tube; SPME, solid phase microextraction; TOF, time of flight