AP, area postrema; ARH, hypothalamic arcuate nucleus; AgRP, agouti-related protein; Amb, nucleus ambiguous; Autonomic nervous system; CART, cocaine, and amphetamine-regulated transcript; CB1, cannabinoid receptor type 1; CCK, cholecystokinin; DMNV, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; DVC, dorsal vagal complex; Dorsal vagal complex; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid; GH, growth hormone; GHSR; GHSR, growth hormone secretagogue receptor; GI, gastrointestinal; GLP 1, glucagon-like peptide 1; Ghrelin receptor; ICV, intracerebroventricularly; IP, intraperitoneally; ISH, in situ hybridization; IV, intravenously; JG, jugular ganglion; LEAP2, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2; MMC, migrating motor complex; NG, nodose ganglion; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; Nodose ganglion; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SC, subcutaneously; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1