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Phthalate Esters Released from Plastics Promote Biofilm Formation and Chlorine Resistance.
Wang, Haibo; Yu, Pingfeng; Schwarz, Cory; Zhang, Bo; Huo, Lixin; Shi, Baoyou; Alvarez, Pedro J J.
Afiliación
  • Wang H; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
  • Yu P; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
  • Schwarz C; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, United States.
  • Zhang B; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, United States.
  • Huo L; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
  • Shi B; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
  • Alvarez PJJ; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Environ Sci Technol ; 56(2): 1081-1090, 2022 01 18.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34991317
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are commonly released from plastic pipes in some water distribution systems. Here, we show that exposure to a low concentration (1-10 µg/L) of three PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) promotes Pseudomonas biofilm formation and resistance to free chlorine. At PAE concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 µg/L, genes coding for quorum sensing, extracellular polymeric substances excretion, and oxidative stress resistance were upregulated by 2.7- to 16.8-fold, 2.1- to 18.9-fold, and 1.6- to 9.9-fold, respectively. Accordingly, more biofilm matrix was produced and the polysaccharide and eDNA contents increased by 30.3-82.3 and 10.3-39.3%, respectively, relative to the unexposed controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that PAE exposure stimulated biofilm densification (volumetric fraction increased from 27.1 to 38.0-50.6%), which would hinder disinfectant diffusion. Biofilm densification was verified by atomic force microscopy, which measured an increase of elastic modulus by 2.0- to 3.2-fold. PAE exposure also stimulated the antioxidative system, with cell-normalized superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities increasing by 1.8- to 3.0-fold, 1.0- to 2.0-fold, and 1.2- to 1.6-fold, respectively. This likely protected cells against oxidative damage by chlorine. Overall, we demonstrate that biofilm exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PAEs can upregulate molecular processes and physiologic changes that promote biofilm densification and antioxidative system expression, which enhance biofilm resistance to disinfectants.
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ácidos Ftálicos / Dietilhexil Ftalato País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: China Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos
Texto completo
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XML
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Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Ácidos Ftálicos / Dietilhexil Ftalato País/Región como asunto: Asia Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Año: 2022 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: China Pais de publicación: Estados Unidos