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Use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy as a novel treatment for brevetoxicosis in sea turtles.
Perrault, Justin R; Barron, Heather W; Malinowski, Christopher R; Milton, Sarah L; Manire, Charles A.
Afiliación
  • Perrault JR; Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA. jperrault@marinelife.org.
  • Barron HW; Clinic for the Rehabilitation of Wildlife, Sanibel, FL, 33957, USA.
  • Malinowski CR; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
  • Milton SL; Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33445, USA.
  • Manire CA; Loggerhead Marinelife Center, Juno Beach, FL, 33408, USA.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 24162, 2021 12 17.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34921188
The southwest coast of Florida experiences annual red tides, a type of harmful algal bloom that results from high concentrations of Karenia brevis. These dinoflagellates release lipophilic neurotoxins, known as brevetoxins, that bind to sodium channels and inhibit their inactivation, resulting in a variety of symptoms that can lead to mass sea turtle strandings. Traditional therapies for brevetoxicosis include standard and supportive care (SSC) and/or dehydration therapy; however, these treatments are slow-acting and often ineffective. Because red tide events occur annually in Florida, our objective was to test intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) as a rapid treatment for brevetoxicosis in sea turtles and examine potential impacts on toxin clearance rates, symptom reduction, rehabilitation time, and survival rates. Sea turtles exhibiting neurological symptoms related to brevetoxicosis were brought to rehabilitation from 2018-2019. Upon admission, blood samples were collected, followed by immediate administration of 25 mg ILE/kg body mass (Intralipid® 20%) at 1 mL/min using infusion pumps. Blood samples were collected at numerous intervals post-ILE delivery and analyzed for brevetoxins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In total, nine (four subadults, one adult female, four adult males) loggerheads (Caretta caretta), five (four juvenile, one adult female) Kemp's ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii), and four juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were included in this study. We found that plasma brevetoxins declined faster compared to turtles that received only SSC. Additionally, survival rate of these patients was 94% (17/18), which is significantly higher than previous studies that used SSC and/or dehydration therapy (47%; 46/99). Nearly all symptoms were eliminated within 24-48 h, whereas using SSC, symptom elimination could take up to seven days or more. The dosage given here (25 mg/kg) was sufficient for turtles in this study, but the use of a higher dosage (50-100 mg/kg) for those animals experiencing severe symptoms may be considered. These types of fast-acting treatment plans are necessary for rehabilitation facilities that are already resource-limited. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy has the potential to reduce rehabilitation time, save resources, and increase survival of sea turtles and other marine animals experiencing brevetoxicosis.
Asunto(s)

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Tortugas / Oxocinas / Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas / Floraciones de Algas Nocivas / Enfermedades de los Animales / Toxinas Marinas Límite: Animals País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Sci Rep Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido

Texto completo: 1 Colección: 01-internacional Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Tortugas / Oxocinas / Emulsiones Grasas Intravenosas / Floraciones de Algas Nocivas / Enfermedades de los Animales / Toxinas Marinas Límite: Animals País/Región como asunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Sci Rep Año: 2021 Tipo del documento: Article País de afiliación: Estados Unidos Pais de publicación: Reino Unido