3-MA, 3-methyladenine; 5-HT2A, Serotonin 2A; 5-HT2C, serotonin 2C; A2A, adenosine 2A; AADC, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase; ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway; AMPK, 5ʹAMP-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy related protein; ATP13A2, ATPase cation transporting 13A2; ATTEC, autophagosome-tethering compound; AUC, the area under the curve; AUTAC, autophagy targeting chimera; Autophagy; BAF, bafilomycinA1; BBB, blood−brain barrier; CL, clearance rate; CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy; CNS, central nervous system; COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase; DA, dopamine; DAT, dopamine transporter; DJ-1, Parkinson protein 7; DR, dopamine receptor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha; F, oral bioavailability; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBA, glucocerebrosidase ß acid; GWAS, genome-wide association study; HDAC6, histone deacetylase 6; HSC70, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; HSPA8, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IPPase, inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase; KI, knockin; LAMP2A, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 A; LC3, light chain 3; LIMP-2, lysosomal integrated membrane protein-2; LRRK2, leucine-rich repeat sequence kinase 2; LRS, leucyl-tRNA synthetase; LUHMES, lund human mesencephalic; Lamp2a, type 2A lysosomal-associated membrane protein; MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B; MPP+, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine; MYCBP2, MYC-binding protein 2; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid; ONRs, orphan nuclear receptors; PD therapy; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PI3P, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1; PLC, phospholipase C; PREP, prolyl oligopeptidase; Parkin, parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin−protein ligase; Parkinson's disease (PD); ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAR, structure­activity relationship; SAS, solvent accessible surface; SN, substantia nigra; SNCA, α-synuclein gene; SYT11, synaptotagmin 11; Small-molecule compound; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TSC2, tuberous sclerosis complex 2; Target; ULK1, UNC-51-like kinase 1; UPS, ubiquitin−proteasome system; mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor; mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin; α-syn, α-synuclein